Driverspedia - User contributions [en]

Driverspedia:About

2025-08-22T08:44:42Z

CostasAthan: A slightly modified version of the original text, made to be more explanatory and precise.

Driverspedia is a wiki for those who love international road trips. It aims to provide all the essential information for traveling by car or motorcycle outside your home country, in a well-organized and concise format — making even cross-continent trips easier to plan. You can find everything you need for your journey in one place, including information about toll systems, legal requirements, fuel types available at filling stations, and more — all without wasting time or effort. 

The wiki is equally useful if you're traveling abroad and renting a vehicle in the country you are visiting. 

'''Note:''' This wiki provides information specifically for travelers using light vehicles (such as tourists), and not for heavy commercial vehicles.

Germany

2025-08-20T22:32:11Z

CostasAthan: Added the speed limit for vehicles fitted with snow chains in the /* Speed Limits */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 3 Geschwindigkeit'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|-
| Vehicles fitted with snow chains || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2024.10.22</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or on motorcycles ==

# '''One reflective vest''': The rule applies only to cars, motorcycles are exempt. Only one vest is required, regardless the number of the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with DIN EN 471:2003+A1:2007 (March 2008) or EN ISO 20471:2013 standards.<ref name ="warning devices">Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__53a.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 53a Warndreieck, Warnleuchte, Warnblinkanlage, Warnweste'', 2012</ref>
# '''One reflective warning triangle''': This rule applies only to vehicles with at least one axle with more than one wheel. Motorcycles are again exempt. In case of fast moving traffic the triangle must be placed at an adequate distance from the immobilized vehicle, approximately 100 m away.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__15.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 15 Liegenbleiben von Fahrzeugen'', 2013</ref><ref name="warning devices"></ref>
# '''One warning light''': For vehicles with a permissible weight >3.5 tons<ref name="warning devices"></ref> a warning light should be carried additionally to the warning triangle.
# '''First aid kit''': One first aid kit that complies with the DIN 13 164 standard, edition January 1998 or edition January 2014, must be carried in motor vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 6 km/h. The obligation does not apply to motorcycles.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__35h.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 35h Erste-Hilfe-Material in Kraftfahrzeugen'', 2012</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (2a)'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (1)'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (2)'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (3)'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Germany

2025-08-20T22:23:43Z

CostasAthan: Revised the StVO citations to specify exact articles..

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 3 Geschwindigkeit'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2024.10.22</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or on motorcycles ==

# '''One reflective vest''': The rule applies only to cars, motorcycles are exempt. Only one vest is required, regardless the number of the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with DIN EN 471:2003+A1:2007 (March 2008) or EN ISO 20471:2013 standards.<ref name ="warning devices">Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__53a.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 53a Warndreieck, Warnleuchte, Warnblinkanlage, Warnweste'', 2012</ref>
# '''One reflective warning triangle''': This rule applies only to vehicles with at least one axle with more than one wheel. Motorcycles are again exempt. In case of fast moving traffic the triangle must be placed at an adequate distance from the immobilized vehicle, approximately 100 m away.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__15.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 15 Liegenbleiben von Fahrzeugen'', 2013</ref><ref name="warning devices"></ref>
# '''One warning light''': For vehicles with a permissible weight >3.5 tons<ref name="warning devices"></ref> a warning light should be carried additionally to the warning triangle.
# '''First aid kit''': One first aid kit that complies with the DIN 13 164 standard, edition January 1998 or edition January 2014, must be carried in motor vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 6 km/h. The obligation does not apply to motorcycles.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__35h.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 35h Erste-Hilfe-Material in Kraftfahrzeugen'', 2012</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (2a)'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (1)'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (2)'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 17 Beleuchtung, (3)'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Germany

2025-08-20T21:24:45Z

CostasAthan: Updated information on the /* Items required in cars or on motorcycles */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or on motorcycles ==

# '''One reflective vest''': The rule applies only to cars, motorcycles are exempt. Only one vest is required, regardless the number of the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with DIN EN 471:2003+A1:2007 (March 2008) or EN ISO 20471:2013 standards.<ref name ="warning devices">Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__53a.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 53a Warndreieck, Warnleuchte, Warnblinkanlage, Warnweste'', 2012</ref>
# '''One reflective warning triangle''': This rule applies only to vehicles with at least one axle with more than one wheel. Motorcycles are again exempt. In case of fast moving traffic the triangle must be placed at an adequate distance from the immobilized vehicle, approximately 100 m away.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__15.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I. Allgemeine Verkehrsregeln, § 15 Liegenbleiben von Fahrzeugen'', 2013</ref><ref name="warning devices"></ref>
# '''One warning light''': For vehicles with a permissible weight >3.5 tons<ref name="warning devices"></ref> a warning light should be carried additionally to the warning triangle.
# '''First aid kit''': One first aid kit that complies with the DIN 13 164 standard, edition January 1998 or edition January 2014, must be carried in motor vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 6 km/h. The obligation does not apply to motorcycles.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvzo_2012/__35h.html "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung (StVZO)"], ''B. Fahrzeuge, III. Bau- und Betriebsvorschriften, 2. Kraftfahrzeuge und ihre Anhänger, § 35h Erste-Hilfe-Material in Kraftfahrzeugen'', 2012</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 2a'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 1'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 2'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 3'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Switzerland

2025-08-20T17:21:30Z

CostasAthan: Corrected spelling and syntax mistakes.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Switzerland] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Switzerland are presented in the table:<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1962/1364_1409_1420/fr#art_4_a 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art.4a Limitations générales de vitesse; règle fondamentale'', November 13, 1962 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Vehicles with studded tires<ref name="744.11_Art.5">The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1962/1364_1409_1420/fr#art_5 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art. 5 Vitesse maximale pour certains genres de véhicules'', November 13, 1962 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Passenger cars towing a trailer<ref name="744.11_Art.5"></ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old holding a full valid driver's license in order to drive in Switzerland. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are needed only if their license is not in any of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (French, German, Italian) or in English.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. If your vehicle is not insured in an EU/EEA country you should carry an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Switzerland must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle is compulsory for car drivers.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no legal obligation to install winter tires in Switzerland. In the case of an accident though, the driver may be found liable if the car is not properly equipped for wintry conditions. The insurance company may not cover the full cost of the damage or may even take action against the insured person for negligence.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/vehicles-and-traffic/how-to-behave-in-road-traffic/traffic-regulations/winter-tyres Are winter tyres compulsory?]</ref>

Snow chains required (metal snow chains must be applied to at least two wheels of the same axle; also applies to three-wheelers) when authorities make their use mandatory or when indicated by road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/CH-Vorschriftssignal-Schneeketten_obligatorisch.svg 2.48].

=== Studded tires ===

Studded tires may be fitted to motor vehicles, the total weight of which does not exceed 7.5 t, motorcycles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light motor quadricycles], motor quadricycles and motor tricycles, and trailers coupled to these vehicles. They can only be used between 1 November and 30 April and outside of this period, in the presence of winter conditions. A sign indicating the maximum authorized speed of 80 km/h, should be attached to the rear of vehicles fitted with studded tires.<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1995/4425_4425_4425/fr#art_62 741.41 Ordonnance concernant les exigences techniques requises pour les véhicules routiers], ''Troisième partie Exigences techniques, Titre premier Définitions et exigences générales, Chapitre 5 Roues, pneumatiques, Art. 62 Restrictions d’utilisation, identification'', June 19, 1995 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref>

== Headlights ==

Cars, vans, lorries, buses and motorcycles must drive with their lights on during the day. Anyone driving without lights can expect a fine of CHF 40. Mopeds, e-bikes and e-scooters must also drive with their lights on during the day. Anyone driving without lights can expect a fine of CHF 20. The lights-on requirement does not apply to bicycles.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/vehicles-and-traffic/how-to-behave-in-road-traffic/traffic-regulations/traffic-regulations-and-fines-in-switzerland#do-i-need-my-lights-on-when-driving-during-the-day Do I need my lights on when driving during the day?]</ref>
As a result cars without [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp DRLs] should have their low-beam lamps always turned on when driving.

== Filling stations ==

Many stations have pay at the pump systems accepting debit and credit cards like Mastercard and Visa.
In larger stations you can also pay in the shop after filling up the tank of your vehicle.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin, French: Essence sans plomb, Italian: benzina senza piombo). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are common at fuel stations. Big suppliers like Shell offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in all over Switzerland).
# LPG. It's also called: GPL, Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/switzerland/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available at the website linked in the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/switzerland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

A website that provides current fuel prices in Switzerland as well as the locations of the fuel stations is [http://www.benzin-preis.ch/en/suche benzin-preis.ch].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can search for electric car and PHEVs chargers in Switzerland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Swiss motorway sticker (vignette) ===

All vehicles (except vehicles over 3,5 t in case they are covered by the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-companies/transport--travel-documents--road-taxes/heavy-vehicle-charges--performance-related-and-lump-sum-/hvc---general---rates.html heavy goods vehicle charge - HVC]) using Swiss motorways and expressways need to have a vignette installed on the windscreen. The roads where the vignette is obligatory are shown on the [https://fedro.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=c92296c494eb4e09a48a77237a0caf1c map] with red color.

Be aware that '''trailers''' with a total weight ≤ 3.5 t towed by a motor vehicle '''need their own extra vignette'''.

Only annual vignettes are available, unlike in other countries which offer vignettes for shorter periods of time at a lower price. A Swiss vignette is valid for 14 months, from 1 December of the previous year till 31 January of the next year. For example the 2020 vignette is valid from 1 December 2019 till 31 January 2021.

==== Purchase and installation ====

An electronic version of the vignette called E-vignette can be [https://via.admin.ch/shop/config/evignette purchased online]. The following video explains how the E-vignette works.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuKy2Bxkdzk</youtube>

Vignette stickers are available from customs offices at the Swiss border as well as post offices, fuel stations, motorway service stations, and other retail locations. For 2025 its price is 38 € or CHF 40.
[https://www.bazg.admin.ch/bazg/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/vignette-autobahngebuehren/verkaufsstellen-der-vignetten.html Points of sale for the Swiss motorway vignette] can be found by following the link to the Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security website including these online options:
* [https://shop.post.ch/en/gifts/mobility/motorway-vignette-2025/p/547275 Swiss Post]
* [https://www.adac-shop.de/schweiz-vignette-1-jahr ADAC]

In cars, the vignette must be affixed on the inside of the windscreen on an untinted area, so it can be clearly visible from the outside and at the same time not obstruct driver's view of the road, for example near the top left or right corners. In the case of motorcycles and trailers, the vignette should be affixed to an easily accessible part of them which is not easily removable.

[[File:CH-Vignette-2020.png|400px]]

=== Toll roads ===

There are 2 toll roads in Switzerland: the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Tunnel Great St Bernard Tunnel] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt_la_Schera_Tunnel Munt la Schera Tunnel].

==== Great St Bernard Tunnel ====

The tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourg-Saint-Pierre Bourg-Saint-Pierre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais Valais] in Switzerland with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Rh%C3%A9my-en-Bosses Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosta_Valley Aosta Valley] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy].

[https://letunnel.com/en/#tariffe Prices for the tolls and available options] (like one-way or with return tickets, etc.) can be found on the tunnel's official website, by following the previous link. [https://letunnel.com/en/promozioni/ Special offers] are also available, for example by presenting a one-way Great St Bernard Tunnel ticket and the ticket (or ski pass) of certain events within 72 hours of purchase, you will be granted a free return ticket.

The available payment methods are:

# Cash at both sides of the border.
# At the Swiss side of the border the following credit cards are accepted: American Express, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# At the Italian side of the border the following debit and credit cards are accepted: American Express, Aura, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# There are also 10 crossings and 20 crossings tickets with a discounted price valid for 2 years starting on 1/4/2019.

==== Munt la Schera Tunnel ====

The Munt la Schera Tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadin Engadin] valley with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_di_Livigno Lago di Livigno] close to the Swiss-Italian border and the Italian ski resort of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livigno Livgno].

'''The Munt La Schera tunnel only has a single lane. Traffic is regulated by means of a traffic light. [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/en/livigno/information Here you can read important information related to the tunnel]'''

You can see [https://www.livigno.eu/hubfs/en_ORARI%20TUNNEL%20MUNT%20LA%20SCHERA.pdf the opening hours] and [https://www.livigno.eu/hubfs/Prezzi%20ticket%20Tunnel%20EN-1.pdf the tunnel rates] by following the links. Please note that Saturdays pricing is higher than the rest days of the week.

Paying options for the tunnel:

# You can buy the E-TICKET [https://ekwstrom.abacuscity.ch/en/home online] saving time at the toll station. You have to choose if the ticket will be used during Sunday to Friday or if it is for a Saturday. Tickets are not refundable. If you arrive at the tolls with a Su-Fr ticket on a Saturday then you will have to pay the difference at the booth.
# You can buy the E-TICKET locally. Buying your ticket locally at the selling point you receive a return ticket without expiry date and you should keep it for your return.
# There is also EKW-Card for local population that offers discounted prices.

'''Always check tunnel opening times before purchasing your ticket.'''

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Since 15 January 2020, Geneva has adopted an emergency emission scheme — with a grace period that ended on 30 March 2020 — under which only vehicles belonging to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter [https://app2.ge.ch/tergeoportal/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=b9215fdafb634e0dafb9d14e83616a16&webmap=59b74c5a1f734d67a2a7cb5b39dd4c3c the differentiated traffic zone] when anti-smog measures are in force.

Drivers who plan to drive in the city when anti-smog measures are in force have to buy a Stick'AIR sticker. '''Drivers who have bought the French Crit'Air sticker can also use it in the city of Geneva, because it implements identical classes of emissions.'''<ref>République et canton de Genève, [https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/acheter-mon-macaron Lors de pics de pollution: circulation différenciée Stick'AIR – 2. Acheter mon macaron], 14 August 2025</ref> If you plan to travel to France first, you can read about the [[France#Urban_Access_Regulations | Crit'Air sticker]] in the relevant Driverpedia article. 
The Stick'AIR sticker is on sale for CHF 5 at:
# the [https://www.geneve-parking.ch/fr/nous-contacter "Fondation des parkings"], Carrefour de l'Etoile 1 - 1227 Carouge, Monday to Friday, from 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM (excluding public holidays)
# the [https://www.ge.ch/organisation/office-cantonal-vehicules-ocv Office cantonal des véhicules] ("car bureau"), Route de Veyrier 86 - 1227 Carouge, Monday to Friday, from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM (excluding public holidays)
# in certain garages, body shops, and service stations in the canton of Geneva.
# online by following the link: [https://app2.ge.ch/aelportal/public/rest/start/OCEV.STICKAIR?lang=en "Stick'AIR Order(s)"], with postal delivery (additional shipping and handling fees apply in this case).
Alternatively you can [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu order the French Crtit'Air sticker online] which is also valid in Geneva for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage of a total of 4,91 € for EU countries. The cost is 3,81 € if the Crit'Air sticker is delivered to a French address.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard], it will be assigned a sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that uncategorized vehicles are not able to access the differentiated traffic zone when any of the scheme's levels is active.

You can determine which Stick'AIR sticker corresponds to your vehicle by visiting [https://www.ropag-data.ch/stickair2/i_stickair2.php the City of Geneva's website on vehicles classification] and completing the questionnaire.

Alternatively the following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stick'AIR Vehicle Classification
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Stick'AIR sticker || colspan="4" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="4" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

When anti-smog measures are active, between 06:00 to 22:00, only vehicles that have the corresponding Stick'AIR stickers according to the activation level can enter in the differentiated traffic zone. You can see the 3 different [https://www.ge.ch/media/d7/imce/entities/node/18974/dispositif_allonge2_0.jpg activation levels for the Stick'AIR scheme] by clicking the previous link. For example at "2/3 Alert level" only vehicles with an EV sticker or stickers of the classes 1, 2 and 3 can enter the differentiated zone. 
Furthermore, when anti-smog measures are active, regardless of their level, a 80 km/h speed limit is imposed for roads that regularly have a higher speed limit. Public transport for the entire Canton of Geneva becomes free at levels 2/3 and 3/3 of the scheme.<ref>[https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/transports-publics-gratuits-aux-paliers-2/3-3/3 "Transports publics gratuits aux paliers 2/3 ou 3/3"]</ref> 
At entry points to main roads, a [https://www.ge.ch/media/site_pilote/files/resize/imce/entities/node/18396/panneau_macaron_oct-250x474.jpg special sign] indicates the Stick'AIR categories authorized to travel within the zone when the differentiated traffic measure is in force. 

You can stay informed about the current situation by [https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/bulletin-stick-air-actuel-paliers-du-dispositif Stick'AIR's daily bulletin] (in French) by the City of Geneva. You can also subscribe to email notifications when the activation level of the scheme changes.

You can check the pollution level in Geneva and at its surroundings by visiting [https://web.air2g2.app/ Air2G² app's web version] or by installing the App to [https://air2g2.app/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/google-play.png Android] or [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/apple-store/id1478246102 iOS] devices.

=== Car-free towns ===

Here is a list of car-free towns and areas in Switzerland (you can learn more about each one by following the links):
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/en/planning-booking/travel-mobility#c18118 Bettmeralp]
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20140810182933/http://www.braunwald.ch/en/getting-here/anreise-mit-auto Braunwald]
# [https://muerren.swiss/en/destination/arrival.html Mürren]
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/en/planning-booking/travel-mobility#c18118 Riederalp]
# [https://www.rigi.ch/en/How-to-reach-the-valley-stations Rigi]
# [https://www.saas-fee.ch/en/arrival/arrival-in-the-saas-valley Saas-Fee]
# [https://www.stoos.ch/en/pages/arrival-by-car Stoos]
# [https://wengen.swiss/en/destination/arrival.html Wengen]
# [https://www.zermatt.ch/en/arrival/Arrival-by-car Zermatt]

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]

Switzerland

2025-08-20T17:01:42Z

CostasAthan: Updated all reference links, many external links, and the sections: /* Headlights */, /* Purchase and installation */, /* Toll roads */, and /* Environmental stickers */.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Switzerland] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Switzerland are presented in the table:<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1962/1364_1409_1420/fr#art_4_a 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art.4a Limitations générales de vitesse; règle fondamentale'', November 13, 1962 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Vehicles with studded tires<ref name="744.11_Art.5">The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1962/1364_1409_1420/fr#art_5 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art. 5 Vitesse maximale pour certains genres de véhicules'', November 13, 1962 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Passenger cars towing a trailer<ref name="744.11_Art.5"></ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old holding a full valid driver's license in order to drive in Switzerland. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are needed only if their license is not in any of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (French, German, Italian) or in English.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. If your vehicle is not insured in an EU/EEA country you should carry an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Switzerland must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle is compulsory for car drivers.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no legal obligation to install winter tires in Switzerland. In the case of an accident though, the driver may be found liable if the car is not properly equipped for wintry conditions. The insurance company may not cover the full cost of the damage or may even take action against the insured person for negligence.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/vehicles-and-traffic/how-to-behave-in-road-traffic/traffic-regulations/winter-tyres Are winter tyres compulsory?]</ref>

Snow chains required (metal snow chains must be applied to at least two wheels of the same axle; also applies to three-wheelers) when authorities make their use mandatory or when indicated by road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/CH-Vorschriftssignal-Schneeketten_obligatorisch.svg 2.48].

=== Studded tires ===

Studded tires may be fitted to motor vehicles, the total weight of which does not exceed 7.5 t, motorcycles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light motor quadricycles], motor quadricycles and motor tricycles, and trailers coupled to these vehicles. They can only be used between 1 November and 30 April and outside of this period, in the presence of winter conditions. A sign indicating the maximum authorized speed of 80 km/h, should be attached to the rear of vehicles fitted with studded tires.<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1995/4425_4425_4425/fr#art_62 741.41 Ordonnance concernant les exigences techniques requises pour les véhicules routiers], ''Troisième partie Exigences techniques, Titre premier Définitions et exigences générales, Chapitre 5 Roues, pneumatiques, Art. 62 Restrictions d’utilisation, identification'', June 19, 1995 (as of July 1, 2025)</ref>

== Headlights ==

Cars, vans, lorries, buses and motorcycles must drive with their lights on during the day. Anyone driving without lights can expect a fine of CHF 40. Mopeds, e-bikes and e-scooters must also drive with their lights on during the day. Anyone driving without lights can expect a fine of CHF 20. The lights-on requirement does not apply to bicycles.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/vehicles-and-traffic/how-to-behave-in-road-traffic/traffic-regulations/traffic-regulations-and-fines-in-switzerland#do-i-need-my-lights-on-when-driving-during-the-day Do I need my lights on when driving during the day?]</ref>
As a result cars without [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp DRLs] should have their low-beam lamps always turned on when driving.

== Filling stations ==

Many stations have pay at the pump systems accepting debit and credit cards like Mastercard and Visa.
In larger stations you can also pay in the shop after filling up the tank of your vehicle.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin, French: Essence sans plomb, Italian: benzina senza piombo). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are common at fuel stations. Big suppliers like Shell offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in all over Switzerland).
# LPG. It's also called: GPL, Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/switzerland/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available at the website linked in the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/switzerland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

A website that provides current fuel prices in Switzerland as well as the locations of the fuel stations is [http://www.benzin-preis.ch/en/suche benzin-preis.ch].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can search for electric car and PHEVs chargers in Switzerland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Swiss motorway sticker (vignette) ===

All vehicles (except vehicles over 3,5 t in case they are covered by the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-companies/transport--travel-documents--road-taxes/heavy-vehicle-charges--performance-related-and-lump-sum-/hvc---general---rates.html heavy goods vehicle charge - HVC]) using Swiss motorways and expressways need to have a vignette installed on the windscreen. The roads where the vignette is obligatory are shown on the [https://fedro.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=c92296c494eb4e09a48a77237a0caf1c map] with red color.

Be aware that '''trailers''' with a total weight ≤ 3.5 t towed by a motor vehicle '''need their own extra vignette'''.

Only annual vignettes are available, unlike in other countries which offer vignettes for shorter periods of time at a lower price. A Swisss vignette is valid for 14 months, from 1 December of the previous year till 31 January of the next year. For example the 2020 vignette is valid from 1 December 2019 till 31 January 2021.

==== Purchase and installation ====

An electronic version of the vignette called E-vignette can be [https://via.admin.ch/shop/config/evignette purchased online]. The following video explains how the E-vignette works.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuKy2Bxkdzk</youtube>

Vignette stickers are available from customs offices at the Swiss border as well as post offices, fuel stations, motorway service stations, and other retail locations. For 2025 its price is 38 € or 40 CHF.
[https://www.bazg.admin.ch/bazg/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/vignette-autobahngebuehren/verkaufsstellen-der-vignetten.html Points of sale for the Swiss motorway vignette] can be found by following the link on Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security website including these online options:
* [https://shop.post.ch/en/gifts/mobility/motorway-vignette-2025/p/547275 Swiss Post]
* [https://shop.deutschepost.de/autobahnvignette-schweiz-2020 Deutsche Post]
* [https://www.adac-shop.de/schweiz-vignette-1-jahr ADAC]

In cars, the vignette must be affixed on the inside of the windscreen on an untinted area, so it can be clearly be visible from the outside and at the same time not obstruct driver's view of the road, for example near the top left or right corners. In the case of motorcycles and trailers, the vignette should be affixed to an easily accessible part of them which is not easily removable.

[[File:CH-Vignette-2020.png|400px]]

=== Toll roads ===

There are 2 toll roads in Swizterland: the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Tunnel Great St Bernard Tunnel] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt_la_Schera_Tunnel Munt la Schera Tunnel].

==== Great St Bernard Tunnel ====

The tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourg-Saint-Pierre Bourg-Saint-Pierre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais Valais] in Switzerland with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Rh%C3%A9my-en-Bosses Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosta_Valley Aosta Valley] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy].

[https://letunnel.com/en/#tariffe Prices for the tolls and available options] (like one-way or with return tickets, etc.) can be found in the tunnel's official website, by following the previous link. [https://letunnel.com/en/promozioni/ Special offers] are also available, as for example by presenting a one-way Great St Bernard Tunnel ticket and the ticket (or skipass) of certain events within 72 hours of purchase, you will be granted a free return ticket.

The available payment methods are:

# Cash at both sides of the border.
# At the Swiss side of the border the following credit cards are accepted: American Express, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# At the Italian side of the border the following debit and credit cards are accepted: American Express, Aura, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# There are also 10 crossings and 20 crossings tickets with a discounted price valid for 2 years starting on 1/4/2019.

==== Munt la Schera Tunnel ====

The Munt la Schera Tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadin Engadin] valley with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_di_Livigno Lago di Livigno] close to the Swiss-Italian border and the Italian ski resort of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livigno Livgno].

'''The Munt La Schera tunnel only has a single lane. Traffic is regulated by means of a traffic light. [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/en/livigno/information Here you can read important information related to the tunnel]'''

You can see [https://www.livigno.eu/hubfs/en_ORARI%20TUNNEL%20MUNT%20LA%20SCHERA.pdf the opening hours] and [https://www.livigno.eu/hubfs/Prezzi%20ticket%20Tunnel%20EN-1.pdf the tunnel rates] by following the links. Please note that Saturdays pricing is higher than the rest days of the week.

Paying options for the tunnel:

# You can buy the E-TICKET [https://ekwstrom.abacuscity.ch/en/home online] saving time at the toll station. You have to choose if the ticket will be used during Sunday to Friday or if it is for a Saturday. Tickets are not refundable. If you arrive at the tolls with a Su-Fr ticket on a Saturday then you will have to pay the difference at the booth.
# You can buy the E-TICKET locally. Buying your ticket locally at the selling point you receive a return ticket without expiry date and you should keep it for your return.
# There is also EKW-Card for local population that offers discounted prices.

'''Always check tunnel opening times before purchasing your ticket.'''

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Since 15 January 2020, Geneva has adopted an emergency emission scheme — with a grace period that ended on 30 March 2020 — under which only vehicles belonging to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter [https://app2.ge.ch/tergeoportal/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=b9215fdafb634e0dafb9d14e83616a16&webmap=59b74c5a1f734d67a2a7cb5b39dd4c3c the differentiated traffic zone] when anti-smog measures are in force.

Drivers who plan to drive in the city when anti-smog measures are in force have to buy a Stick'AIR sticker. '''Drivers who have bought the French Crit'Air sticker can also use it in the city of Geneva, because it implements identical classes of emissions.'''<ref>République et canton de Genève, [https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/acheter-mon-macaron Lors de pics de pollution: circulation différenciée Stick'AIR – 2. Acheter mon macaron], 14 August 2025</ref> If you plan to travel to France first, you can read about the [[France#Urban_Access_Regulations | Crit'Air sticker]] in the relevant Driverpedia article. 
The Stick'AIR sticker is on sale for 5 CHF at:
# the [https://www.geneve-parking.ch/fr/nous-contacter "Fondation des parkings"], Carrefour de l'Etoile 1 - 1227 Carouge, Monday to Friday, from 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM (excluding public holidays)
# the [https://www.ge.ch/organisation/office-cantonal-vehicules-ocv Office cantonal des véhicules] ("car bureau"), Route de Veyrier 86 - 1227 Carouge, Monday to Friday, from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM (excluding public holidays)
# in certain garages, body shops, and service stations in the canton of Geneva.
# online by following the link: [https://app2.ge.ch/aelportal/public/rest/start/OCEV.STICKAIR?lang=en "Stick'AIR Order(s)"], with postal delivery (additional shipping and handling fees apply in this case).
Alternatively you can [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu order the French Crtit'Air sticker online] which is also valid in Geneva for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage of a total of 4,91 € for EU countries. The cost is 3,81 € if the Crtit'Air sticker is delivered to a French address.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard], it will be assigned a sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that uncategorized vehicles are not able to access the differentiated traffic zone when any of the scheme's levels is active.

You can determine which Stick'AIR sticker corresponds to your vehicle by visiting [https://www.ropag-data.ch/stickair2/i_stickair2.php the City of Geneva's website on vehicles classification] and completing the questionnaire.

Alternatively the following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stick'AIR Vehicle Classification
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Stick'AIR sticker || colspan="4" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="4" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

When anti-smog measures are active, between 06:00 to 22:00, only vehicles that have the corresponding Stick'AIR stickers according to the activation level can enter in the differentiated traffic zone. You can see the 3 different [https://www.ge.ch/media/d7/imce/entities/node/18974/dispositif_allonge2_0.jpg activation levels for the Stick'AIR scheme] by clicking the previous link. For example at "2/3 Alert level" only vehicles with an EV sticker or stickers of the classes 1, 2 and 3 can enter the differentiated zone. 
Furthermore, when anti-smog measures are active, regardless of their level, a 80 km/h speed limit is imposed for roads that regularly have a higher speed limit. Public transport for the entire Canton of Geneva becomes free at levels 2/3 and 3/3 of the scheme.<ref>[https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/transports-publics-gratuits-aux-paliers-2/3-3/3 "Transports publics gratuits aux paliers 2/3 ou 3/3"]</ref> 
At entry points to main roads, a [https://www.ge.ch/media/site_pilote/files/resize/imce/entities/node/18396/panneau_macaron_oct-250x474.jpg special sign] indicates the Stick'AIR categories authorized to travel within the zone when the differentiated traffic measure is in force. 

You can stay informed about the current situation by [https://www.ge.ch/lors-pics-pollution-circulation-differenciee-stick-air/bulletin-stick-air-actuel-paliers-du-dispositif Stick'AIR's daily bulletin] (in French) by the City of Geneva. You can also subscribe to email notifications when the activation level of the scheme changes.

You can check the pollution level in Geneva and at its surroundings by visiting [https://web.air2g2.app/ Air2G² app's web version] or by installing the App to [https://air2g2.app/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/google-play.png Android] or [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/apple-store/id1478246102 iOS] devices.

=== Car-free towns ===

Here is a list of car-free towns and areas in Switzerland (you can learn more about each one by following the links):
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/en/planning-booking/travel-mobility#c18118 Bettmeralp]
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20140810182933/http://www.braunwald.ch/en/getting-here/anreise-mit-auto Braunwald]
# [https://muerren.swiss/en/destination/arrival.html Mürren]
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/en/planning-booking/travel-mobility#c18118 Riederalp]
# [https://www.rigi.ch/en/How-to-reach-the-valley-stations Rigi]
# [https://www.saas-fee.ch/en/arrival/arrival-in-the-saas-valley Saas-Fee]
# [https://www.stoos.ch/en/pages/arrival-by-car Stoos]
# [https://wengen.swiss/en/destination/arrival.html Wengen]
# [https://www.zermatt.ch/en/arrival/Arrival-by-car Zermatt]

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]

Monaco

2025-08-20T08:38:53Z

CostasAthan: Updated all the reference links and the /* Headlights */ section.

{{Meta country description}}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Monaco is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave#Semi-enclaves_and_semi-exclaves semi-enclave] of France. Make sure you also read traffic laws of the country of [[France]] before visiting Monaco.'''
|}

==Handedness of road traffic==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco Monaco] is a right-hand traffic country.
==Speed Limits==
The general speed limit in Monaco is presented in the table:<ref>[https://legimonaco.mc/code/code-route/#zRz7Vnoz1GktawanVPulei "Code de la route,"], ''Titre I - Dispositions générales relatives à la circulation, Paragraphe 2 - Vitesse, Article 11 (Ordonnance n° 9.615 du 30 octobre 1989 ; remplacé par l' ordonnance n° 1.334 du 8 octobre 2007)''</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+General Speed limit in km/h (mph)
!Type of vehicle / Conditions!!Built-up areas (entire country)
|-
|Motor vehicles||50 (31)<ref name="urban_limit" group="note">The speed may be limited on certain sections of road to 30 km/h or even raised to 70 km/h as defined by the relative road signs.</ref>
|}'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

==Documents==

#You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in Monaco. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Monaco. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
#Registration certificate.
#Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
#All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Monaco must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.
==Items required in cars or with motorcycles==
#Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
#A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
#Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

==Winter conditions==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in Monaco.

==Headlights==
The use of headlights is not mandatory during daylight, except if conditions make their use necessary. Between nightfall and sunrise, and during the day when circumstances so require, every driver of a vehicle traveling on a road must switch on their vehicle’s headlights.<ref>[https://legimonaco.mc/code/code-route/#F80stU9SrIgfqsQGGVtpOi "Code de la route,"], ''Titre I - Dispositions générales relatives à la circulation, Paragraphe 7 - Éclairage et signalisation des véhicules, Article 35''</ref><ref>[https://legimonaco.mc/code/code-route/#c1kHUpBsB6dqgBXCLU84Lc "Code de la route,"], ''Titre V - Dispositions spéciales applicables aux cycles et aux cyclomoteurs et à leurs remorques, Paragraphe 3 - Éclairage, Article 177''</ref>

==Filling stations==

===Fuel types===

#Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
#Diesel. In Monaco it is also called Gazole.

===Fuel prices===

A map of fuel station in Monaco :
#[https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Service-stations/Service-stations-Monaco viamichelin.com].

The average prices for [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/gasoline_prices/ petrol] and [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/diesel_prices/ diesel] can be found by following the previous links.

===Electric vehicle chargers===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Monaco on:
# [https://www.eafo.eu/fuel-map eafo.eu]
# [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

==Road user charges==

There are no any charging schemes for road use in the Principality of Monaco, neither tolls nor a toll sticker (vignette).

==Urban Access Regulations==

There are no restrictions for traffic based on vehicles' emissions level, air pollution level or any other restrictions in general.

==References==
<references />

Malta

2025-08-20T07:26:18Z

CostasAthan: Updated most of the reference links and the /* Headlights */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta Malta] is a left-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Malta are presented in the table:<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/RoadCodeEN.pdf-f10821 "The Highway Code"], ''SECTION 10: THE MOTORIST, 10.5 Control of the Vehicle, 10.5.3. Speed Limits, 166'', 2025</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways<ref group="note">There are no motorways in Malta.</ref>
|-
| Cars and motorcycles || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || -
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Malta. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP) or a sworn translation of their own license.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. An International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is required for non EU registered vehicles' and would generally be a good option to be held by everyone.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Malta must display a nationality sticker at the rear.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

It is desirable that all vehicles should carry a reflective warning triangle. It should be used at any time of the day outside legal parking areas, in addition to the hazard warning lights if fitted. It should be set up 50 meters from the rear of the obstructing vehicle, on the same side of the road, 1 meter away from the edge of the road.<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/RoadCodeEN.pdf-f10821 "The Highway Code"], ''SECTION 10: THE MOTORIST, 10.20 Mechanical and Electrical Failure and Incidents, 10.20.2 Breakdowns, 281'', 2025</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

There is no obligation to install winter tires in Malta.

== Headlights ==

There is no obligation to use your vehicle’s headlights during the daytime. However, if visibility is seriously reduced, headlights must be switched on. Additionally, front and rear fog lights are only permitted during low-visibility conditions.

At night, low-beam headlights must be activated. (Night — the hours of darkness — is defined as the period between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise.)<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/RoadCodeEN.pdf-f10821 "The Highway Code"], ''SECTION 10: THE MOTORIST, 10.4 Moving Off, 10.4.5 Headlights, 151'', 2025</ref>

== Filling stations ==

There are both attended and self service fuel station in Malta. There are only very few fuel stations that accept card payments. Also pay at the pump systems accept only banknotes of a minimum denomination of 10 €. It is expected that by 2019 the number of stations accepting card payment would have rised.<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/more-petrol-stations-to-accept-card-payments.582127 More petrol stations to accept card payments], Times of Malta, August 27, 2015</ref>

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Maltese: Petrol bla comb). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are available with the later also named at the pumps as Super.
# Diesel. In Malta it is also called Dizil.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas and GPL in Malta. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/malta/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by visiting the previous link.

=== Fuel prices ===

The average prices in Malta of [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/gasoline_prices/ gasoline], [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/diesel_prices/ diesel] and [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/lpg_prices/ LPG] are available following the links.

=== Electric car chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Malta at [https://www.electricvehiclesmalta.eu/chargingstations electricvehiclesmalta.eu], powered by [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3978&docType=pdf DemoEV project], with Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure being the lead partner of it.

== Road user charges ==

There isn't any charging schemes for road use in Malta.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

Valletta has adopted the Controlled Vehicular Access (CVA) system in order to fight traffic congestion in the city center.

Controlled Vehicular Access makes use of automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR) technology and dedicated camera systems to monitor and photograph vehicles entering and exiting the CVA boundary.

The system then automatically calculates the time the vehicle remained inside the Valletta CVA boundary and finally computes the fee due for access and parking based on the tariffs issued by Transport Malta.

The boundaries of the restricted zone with the entry and exit points marked are shown on the map bellow.

https://secure.cva.gov.mt/images/en_cvaboundary.jpg

A road sign with CVA in white letters enclosed in a red rectangular background notifies drivers entering in the zone and the same sign striked out with the words "Zone ENDS" written under it marks the end of the zone.

Charges apply from 8:00 to 18:00 from Monday to Friday, but vehicles that enter after 14:00 are excepted. There are no charges during public holidays as well as on Saturdays and Sundays. Motorcycles and electric and hybrid vehicles also are not affected by the CVA system and can access the restricted zone free of charge. The [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Page/Tariffs tariffs and the penalties] for delayed payments are available on the system's official website by following the previous link.

You need to fill in your details using the [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Static/CVA%20Registration%20Form%20R1%20Final%20Specimen.pdf CVA form R1] which is generally sent automatically with your first bill or by downloading and filling in the CVA form R2. You may also request a copy of the CVA form R2 via the CVA call centre.

Once filled in, the form has to be signed and sent back together with a photocopy of your ID card/passport. After your form has been processed the online access will be activated automatically. For SMS notifications, only one mobile phone may be associated with a particular vehicle. A charge of €0.05 per notification SMS applies to cover the basic operational costs but otherwise the subscription is free.

Available payment methods are:

# Payment by post (via cheque)
# Payment at the CVA office in Marsa (during dedicated office hours). '''Contact Details:''' CVA Technology Company Ltd No. 83 Winemakers Wharf Marsa '''Email:''' info@cva.gov.mt '''Telephone number:''' +356 2206 4000 '''Opening Hours''' Mon – Fri 8am-6pm Saturday 8am-1pm
# Payment at the Valletta local council.
# Payment through the [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/BillsAndPhotos/Pay CVA website] via debit / credit cards. You can also register to pay your bills by [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Static/CVA%20Delegation%20of%20Authority%20D2%20Final.pdf Direct Debit]. If you pay your bill before the invoice is issued at the beginning of each month, you will be given a 10% discount.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with left hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Luxembourg

2025-08-19T22:24:48Z

CostasAthan: Updated all reference links.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg Luxembourg] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Luxembourg are presented in the following table:<ref>MINISTÈRE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ET DES INFRASTRUCTURES, Département des Transports, [https://legilux.public.lu/filestore/eli/etat/leg/code/route/20250809/fr/pdf/eli-etat-leg-code-route-20250809-fr-pdf.pdf "RECUEILDE LÉGISLATION ROUTIÈRE, Code de la route"], ''Chapitre VI. – Circulation proprement dite, VIIe section – De la vitesse et de la maîtrise'', Art. 139</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles < 7,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit">The limit may fall to 30 km/h for reasons including the lay-out of the premises.</ref> || 90 (55)<ref group="note">The limit falls to:
# 50 km/h on a carriageway with two lanes of traffic, when one lane of traffic is closed,
# 70 km/h on a carriageway with two lanes of traffic, when one or both lanes of traffic are narrowed,
# 70 km/h on a carriageway with three lanes of traffic, when a lane of traffic is closed or narrowed.</ref> || 130 (80)<ref group="note">The limit falls to 110 km/h in case of rain or other precipitation.</ref><ref group="note">The limit falls to 90 km/h in tunnels marked with road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Luxembourg_road_sign_E%2C28a.jpg E,28a], if no other speed limit is defined by a speed limit sign.</ref>
|-
| Mopeds || 45 (27)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 45 (27) || Traffic prohibited
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with studded tires || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 70 (43) || 90 (55)
|-
| Cars with trailers with a total weight < 3,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 75 (46) || 90(55)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in Luxembourg. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union including Luxembourg. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding a International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle for vehicles with four or more wheels.
# Reflective jackets for the driver and the passengers, that must be worn when people get out of a broken down vehicle outside of built-up areas during night or when visibility is low.

== Winter conditions ==

In the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, driving a motor vehicle on public roads in winter conditions (black ice, packed snow, slush, ice sheets or frost) is permitted only with regulation winter tires (winter tires or all-weather tires marked "M.S.", "M+S", "M&S" or the alpine - 3PMSF - symbol) mounted on all wheels of the vehicle.

This regulation applies to all drivers, regardless of the country of registration of the vehicle. Non-observance is punishable by a 74 € fine. However, this does not apply to vehicles parked on public roads.

This requirement does not apply to mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles, lightweight quadricycles, tractors and self-propelled machinery. It is also not applicable to certain categories of vehicles, provided that winter tires do not exist by design for these categories, namely:

* special vehicles other than motor homes;
* vehicles used by the Army, the Grand-Ducal Police, the Customs and Excise Agency, the Emergency Services Administration and the communal fire and rescue services.<ref>Luxembourg's Administrative guide, [https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/transport/transports-individuels/vehicule-motorise/controle-technique-pneumatiques/pneus-hiver.html Winter tyres compulsory in Luxembourg for winter driving conditions], Last update 22.01.2019</ref> 
Snow chains can be used when roads are covered with snow or ice.

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is prohibited in Luxembourg.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. There is no such a requirement for cars, but it is recommended. 
Additionally, parking lights should be turned on when parking on unlit roads.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in Luxembourg. If you use a manned station, you fill up as required and then pay in the shop, if you haven't already paid at the pump with your card. In unmanned stations you can pay directly by using a card. You have to insert the card before starting refueling your vehicle. 
Fuel stations with a 24/24 sign are is in service all day long.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump Eurosuper 95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas or GPL. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/france/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen on the page of the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/luxembourg/ list of stations that sell CNG] can be found by following the previous link. '''Please be aware that 4 of the stations listed are permanently closed, leaving only 2 CNG station open in the country.'''

=== Fuel prices ===

[http://www.petrol.lu/en/official-prices/ Maximum fuel prices] are listed in Groupement Pétrolier Luxembourgeois (GPL) official website. The prices marked with TVAC in the last column of the table are the ones that include VAT.

The [http://www.petrol.lu/en/members/ members of GPL] are listed in the previous link. By clicking on their logos you can visit their websites and see each one's prices, as well as their networks petrol stations' locations.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Luxembourg at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is no charge for road use in Luxembourg, neither in the form of toll nor in the form of toll stickers (vignettes), for passenger vehicles.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are no restrictions for the traffic of vehicles in Luxembourg, based on emissions classes, pollution emergency schemes or any other schemes.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

France

2025-08-19T21:37:46Z

CostasAthan: Corrected a syntax error in the /* Tolls */ section and rephrased the sentence to improve clarity.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in France are presented in the table:<ref>Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, [https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=C18B0D81747E389ADEF687F1B7F9EBB9.tplgfr38s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006177128&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074228&dateTexte=20200321 "Code de la route,"], Partie réglementaire, Livre IV : L'usage des voies, Titre Ier : Dispositions générales, Chapitre III : Vitesse</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Two-lane roads separated by a central reservation !! Motorways !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique Paris ring road (French: Boulevard Périphérique)]
|-
| Motor vehicles < 3,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit">This limit can be raised to 70 km/h on sections of road where local residents' access and pedestrian crossings are limited and are protected by appropriate measures. The decision can be made by the competent local authorities</ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads">On sections of these roads with at least two lanes assigned to the same direction of traffic, the maximum speed can be increased to 90 km/h on these lanes only. That decision can be made by the competent local authorities and has not nationwide effect.</ref> || 110 (68) || 130 (80) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Atmospheric precipitation of any nature || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 100 (62) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The limit falls to 100 km/h on sections of motorways where the limit is lower than 130 km/h on dry conditions.</ref>
|-
| In case of visibility < 50 m || colspan="5" | 50 (31)
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with studded tires<ref group="note">In traffic, the drivers of these vehicles must affix, visibly, at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left, the appropriate sign.</ref> || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Cars with trailers with a total weight > 3,5 t & < 12 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 110 (68)
|-
| New drivers with a license < 3 years || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (68) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The 110 km/h limit refers to sections of motorways where the speed limit is 130 km/h. For sections of motorways where the limit is lower for drivers with licenses newer than 3 years it falls to 100 km/h.</ref> ||| 70 (43)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in France. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union and of course in France. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
# A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
# Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

== Winter conditions ==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in France. Winter equipment is mandatory for vehicles driving on roads marked with the [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/France_road_sign_B26.svg B26 sign]. If the car is not fitted with winter tires the use of snow chains is mandatory in this case.

=== Studded tires ===

Vehicles < 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] are allowed to use studded tires from first Saturday before 11 November to last Sunday of March. The maximum speed limit for vehicles fitted with studded tires is 90 km/h. Vehicles with studded tires have to be labeled with a sticker at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. There is no such a requirement for cars, but it is recommended.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in France. Many supermarkets have fuel pumps, manned at certain times during the day. If you use a manned station, you fill up as required and then drive up to the booth where you can pay without leaving your vehicle in cash or with a debit or credit card, if you haven't already paid at the pump with your card. In unmanned stations you can pay directly by using a card. You have to insert the card before starting refueling your vehicle. '''Be aware that automatic stations block the whole amount of money that the pump can deliver to your vehicle's reservoir at one go and they unblock the difference of the actual value you have pumped later.'''

Lots of fuel pumps have a 24/24 sign that indicates that the station is in service all day long.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel. In France it is also called Gazole.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas or GPL in France. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/france/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/france/ list of stations that offer CNG] can be found by clicking the link at the start of this sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in France are listed here:

# [https://www.prix-carburants.gouv.fr/ prix-carburants.gouv.fr], an official governmental website.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://www.fuelflash.eu/en/ Fuel-Flash] website, also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mwwebwork.benzinpreisblitz Android]
# Essence&CO app available for [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/essence-co/id459724569 iOS]

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in France at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in France have a toll system with toll plazas. There are two types of tolls. A distance based scheme where you get a ticket when joining the motorway and you pay when exiting based on the distance you have covered and fixed price sections where you always pay the same rate and of course there is no ticket used for the calculation of the distance. There is also a barrier-free tolling system at Boulay on the Motorway A4.

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:<ref>The Association of French Motorway Companies (ASFA), [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/payment-methods.htm "Road toll in france: payment methods,"], 2020</ref>
# Lanes with a sign with person wearing a cap indicate a manned toll booth. Most of the lanes use automatic means of payment but manned toll booths still exist at some busy motorways. you can pay in cash or by debit or credit card at these lanes.
# Lanes with an electronic green arrow facing downwards take all methods of payment. You can use the automatic toll machines in the following simple steps:
## Insert the ticket if you received one when entering the motorway.
## Pay with coins (10 cents to 2 Euros coins are acceptable) and / or with banknotes (5 to Euros bills are accepted) or by using a debit or credit card. Visa and Mastercard as well as Maestro cards are accpeted in most of the cases, but it is a good practice to hold cash with you in case no one from your cards gets accepted for any reason, because the barriers won't open if the payment is not completed.
## By pressing the "Récu" button you can obtain a receipt. There is also a button you can press for assistance if you have any problems and you can communicate with an attendant through an intercom.
# Payment with the installation of the electronic transponder [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/ Liber-t]. '''The transponder is also valid for paying tolls in Italy, Spain and Portugal. Vice versa the Italian [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway Telepass] transponder and the Spanish VIA-T (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive] can be used for paying the French tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the Liber-t transponder.''' In order to use this method after installing the device and connecting it with a bank account you have to enter the motorway using the dedicated lanes signed with the letter "t". Vehicles with a height over 3 meters can't use the system and have to choose another payment method, by driving in another lane that offers alternative ways of payment. Vehicles over 2 meters can't use the dedicated lanes for cars and have to use other lanes marked with "t".
# Specifically for the barrier free tolls at Boulay on Motorway A4 you drive under the gantry without even having to slow down. The payment methods are the following:
## You can pay each time you pass through the toll within 10 days [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/pay-online#/ online]. Transactions can take up to 24 hours to appear on the system, so you may wait 1 day till trying to pay. If you also pass the deadline you won't be able to pay.
## If you have the Liber-t transponder then the fee is charged to the unit.
## You can install a payment tag specific for the Boulay barrier-free toll and choose between a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/prepaid-pass#/ Prepaid Pass] option which is rechargeable and more suitable for occasional users or a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/subscriber-pass#/ Subscriber Pass] most suitable for regular users with monthly direct debit. In this case you will receive a payment request, with a €20 surcharge. You can pay by filling the following [https://www.sanef.com/en/payment-notice#/ form].

Calculation of toll fees is offered on [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/routes.htm ASFA] website, by filling the departure and arrival points in the respective fields.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There is a number of cities implementing low emission zones and restricted access zones some of which also apply to light vehicles, while others apply to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle HGVs] and vans. There are also emergency pollution schemes implemented by certain cities or departments of France. A list of all these schemes and the rules of its city can be found on [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/france Urban Access Regulations in Europe] website. There are plans for stricter restrictions in the future in some cities.

Drivers who plan to drive in a city that has a zone that affects their vehicle have to buy a Crit'Air sticker. These can be ordered online on the official website of the [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu Air Quality certificate Service] for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage or a total of 4,41 € for EU countries.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] it will be assigned a certain sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that they may not be able to access restricted zones according to its cities requirements.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CPuv9ZNjU8</youtube>

The following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vehicle Classification according to article L. 318-1 and R. 318-2 French road traffic act
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Crit'Air sticker || colspan="3" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="3" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

[https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/aide-certificat Instructions on how to affix the sticker] can be found by following the previous link and there are also available on video:

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWd0N_ip9EI</youtube>

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Finland

2025-08-19T21:26:43Z

CostasAthan: Updated all reference links, and replaced the word "quadricycles" with "four-wheeled vehicles" where appropriate in the /* Winter conditions */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland Finland] is a right-hand traffic country.
== Speed Limits ==
The general speed limits in Finland are presented in the table:<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/729#chp_3__sec_9__heading "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, Yleiset säännöt, 9 § Yleiset nopeusrajoitukset'', 10 August 2018</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Other roads || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motorways_Finland.svg Motorways]<ref group="note">Finnish motorways are marked with blue on the map.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles || 50 (31) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">That's the only general speed limit mentioned in the Finnish Road Traffic Act for all roads outside built-up areas. '''On major highways the limit can be 100 km/h (62 mph), set by speed limit traffic signs.'''</ref> || 120 (74)<ref group="note">On motorways the speed limit can be 120 km/h, set by speed limit traffic signs, which upgrade the 80 km/h general speed limit of Finland set for all roads outside built-up areas.</ref>
|-
| Winter<ref group="note">Around mid-October till March or April winter speed limits are in effect in Finland. The table presents the general speed limit reductions. For an exact presentation of the speed limits of each year visit https://vayla.fi/tieverkko/talvihoito/talvinopeudet and at the top left corner of the map click the arrow to open the legend. Uncheck all the checkboxes except the one called "talvinopeusrajoitukset", which is the one that displays the reduction of speed limits for winter on the map. Click the arrow next to "talvinopeusrajoitukset" to expand the legend that explains the color cod of the winter speed limits as well what the limits used to be at these sections before the winter limits had taken effect.</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) for sections that had a 100 (62) summer speed limit 70 (43) or 60 (37) for sections that had a 80 (49) summer speed limit || 100 (62)
|}
'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>
== Documents ==
# Driver's license. Driving licenses issued in an EU or EEA Member State or Switzerland are valid in Finland. Driving licenses issued by Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or countries that have ratified the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic Geneva] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic Vienna Road Traffic Convention] are valid in Finland when visiting as a tourist. They are also valid for two years after their holders move permanently to Finland. If the driving licenses are not written in Latin alphabet a sworn translation into Finnish or Swedish is required or alternatively an International Driving Permit.<ref>The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom, [https://ajokortti-info.fi/en/basic-information-about-driving-licence/validity-foreign-driving-licences-finland "Validity of foreign driving licences in Finland"]'', 26.05.2021</ref>
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Holding an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is also a good idea.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==
# Warning triangle. It's compulsory for all vehicles except motorcycles. The warning triangle must be placed in a distance from the stopped vehicle that ensures that other road users will get notified in time for the obstacle.<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/729#chp_3__sec_57__heading "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, Ajoneuvolla ajaminen, 57 §Tienkäyttäjien varoittaminen'', 10 August 2018</ref>
# High visibility reflective vest. Technically there is no requirement to carry one with you in your vehicle, but [https://www.liikenneturva.fi/en/road-safety/reflector pedestrians walking in the dark should use a reflector] covering specific standards. The vest should have a CE marking, it should meet the EN 13356 EU standard, it should mention the name of the institution that performed the classification tests and come with instructions of use by the manufacturer. So in case you have to step out o the car it is a good idea to carry a reflective vest with you.<ref name="reflective devices">liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/729#chp_3__sec_13__heading "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, Jalan kulkeminen, 13 § Jalankulkijan paikka tiellä ja heijastimen käyttäminen'', 10 August 2018</ref>
== Winter conditions ==
If the weather conditions require so, from November to March, winter tires with a tread depth of at least 3,0 mm shall be used by the following vehicles:
# passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR]
# vans
# special vehicles ≤ 3,5 t GVWR
# motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, four-wheeled vehicles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Heavy_quadricycles_(L7e) heavy quadricycles] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light quadricycles]
# trailers towed by vehicles belonging in the categories mentioned above with a mass > 0,75 t and ≤ 3,5 t GVWR.<ref name="reflective devices"></ref>
Snow chains can be used if the conditions make their use necessary and there is no danger for them damaging the road surface.<ref name="anti-slip devices">liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/729#chp_5__sec_106v20200360__heading "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''5 luku Ajoneuvon käyttäminen, Renkaat ja liukuesteet, 106 § Ajoneuvon renkaiden liukuesteet'', 8 May 2020</ref>
=== Studded tires ===
Studded tires may be used by cars, motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, four-wheeled vehicles, heavy quadricycles and light quadricycles capable of reaching speeds greater than 60 km/h, and by trailers coupled to the aforementioned vehicles from the beginning of November to the end of March.
If a vehicle is fitted with studded tires and tows a trailer with a weight > 0,75 t and ≤ 3,5 t GVWR the trailer must be fitted with studded tires too.

When using studded tires on a passenger car or van, a special vehicle or a trailer with a weight ≤ 3,5 t, studded tires - with the exception of dual wheels - must be fitted to all wheels of the vehicle. The count of studs on each tire of the vehicle must not differ in a number that would create a dangerous difference in the level of the traction. The [https://www.traficom.fi/en/ Finnish Transport Safety Agency] may issue more specific regulations regarding the permitted difference in the number of studs of vehicle tires.<ref name="anti-slip devices"></ref>
== Headlights ==
The use of low beam (dipped) headlights is compulsory all day long, including during the daytime.
== Filling stations ==
Fuel stations are self-service in Finland. You fill up your vehicle and then go into an office to pay. You can pay in cash, and most of the times with a debit/credit card. Also card terminals built into pumps are becoming increasingly common. Some station chains have released mobile apps that allow refuelling and paying with a preconfigured payment card and/or Apple Pay. "Cold" 24/7 stations without an office only allow card and mobile payments.
=== Fuel types ===
# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Finnish: Lyijytön bensiini) Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings]are 95 and 98 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON].
# Diesel. The same name is used in Finland too.
# '''Be aware that LPG is not available as a fuel for cars in Finland.'''
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/finland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.
=== Fuel prices ===
A comparison of prices (as reported and updated by users themselves) as well as the exact locations of filling stations in Finland can be found on Tankille app (also known as Fuel Fellow) available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=fi.creosys.fuelfellow Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/fi/app/tankille-palvelu-polttoaineiden/id1114577529 iOS] devices.
=== Electric vehicle chargers ===
You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Finland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]
== Road user charges ==
There are no charges for using the roads in Finland.
== Urban Access Regulations ==
There are no restrictions for light vehicles in Finland. There are only restrictions for buses and garbage trucks in Helsinki.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Portugal

2025-08-19T20:09:59Z

CostasAthan: Updated all reference links, revised some information regarding the documents drivers must carry with them in the /* Documents */ section, and made a minor change to the /* Items required in cars or with motorcycles */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal Portugal] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Portugal are presented in the following table:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/lei/2013-116041830-116043180 "Código da Estrada"], ''Anexo CÓDIGO DA ESTRADA, Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção III Velocidade, Artigo 27.º Limites gerais de velocidade'', 2013-09-03</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! colspan="2" | Built-up areas !! Rural roads !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-access_road#Portugal%3A_via_r%C3%A1pida Limited-access roads] !! Motorways
|-
! !! Residential areas !! Other areas !! !! !!
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moped Mopeds] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification) quadricycles] || 20 (12) || 40 (24) || 45 (27) || - || -
|-
| Motorcycles with an engine displacement ≤ 50 cc || 20 (12) || 40 (24) || 60 (37) || - || -
|-
| Motorcycles with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar sidecar] or a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorized_tricycle Tricycles] || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motorcycles with an engine displacement > 50 cc (and with a sidecar) || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] without a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t GVWR with a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars > 3,5 t GVWR without a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars > 3,5 t GVWR with trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 90 (55) || 90 (55)
|}

== Documents ==

Drivers must carry with them the following documents:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/lei/2013-116041830-926904945 "Código da Estrada"], ''Anexo CÓDIGO DA ESTRADA, Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção XIII Documentos, Artigo 85.º Documentos de que o condutor deve ser portador'', 2013-09-03</ref>

# ID document or passport.
# Driver's license. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA or Switzerland are valid throughout the European Union. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card), if your car is not insured in an EU country. At least third party insurance is required.
# Vehicle periodic inspection report, when legally required.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

All motor vehicles in circulation, except those with two or three wheels and quadricycles without a luggage case, must be equipped with:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/128100376/202001140000/73793159/diploma/indice "Código da Estrada"], ''Anexo CÓDIGO DA ESTRADA, Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção XIV Comportamento em caso de avaria ou acidente, Artigo 88.º Pré-sinalização de perigo'', 2013-09-03</ref>

# A reflective warning triangle. The use of the warning triangle is mandatory whenever the vehicle is immobilized on the road or on the side of the road, '''without the appropriate lighting according to the provisions of the traffic code'''. The triangle must be placed perpendicularly to the pavement and the axis of the road at a distance of at least 30 m from the rear of the vehicle and must be clearly visible at a distance of at least 100 m.
# High visibility reflective vest, which should be worn under the same circumstances.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no requirement for the use of special tires during winter. Snow chains are compulsory in mountainous regions when indicated by road sign [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portugal_road_sign_D9.svg D9] and the conditions make their use necessary.

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is prohibited in Portugal.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their headlights on, all day long. Cars don't have to use their headlights during daytime, except in low visibility conditions.

== Filling stations ==

Stations are self-service in Portugal. There are stations where you fill your tank up and then pay at the office afterwards, but there are also stations where prepayment (Portuguese: pré-pagamento) is required in order to proceed with pumping fuel in to your vehicle. Usually major cards are accepted in Portuguese filling stations.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Portuguese: Gasolina sin plomo or Gasolina sem chumbo). Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings] are 95 and 98 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON].
# Diesel (Portugese: Gasóleo).
# LPG (Portuguese: Gáz líquido). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/portugal/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] in Portugal can be found by following the previous link.
# CNG. Only very few stations offer CNG in the country. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/portugal/ list of CNG stations] can be found by clicking the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

Some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Portugal are listed bellow:

# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://www.fuelflash.eu/en/ Fuel-Flash] website, also available as an app for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mwwebwork.benzinpreisblitz Android].
# 1-2-3 app available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.bottledsoftware.tanken Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/1-2-3-tanken/id688981330 iOs]

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Portugal at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

Chargers are also listed in [https://www.electromaps.com/en/charging-stations/portugal electromaps.com]

== Road user charges ==

=== Toll roads ===

Portugal has a road charge scheme that uses tolls for collecting the fees for using its motorways. It has 2 types of toll roads: conventional ones with toll plazas and roads with electronic tolls system.

You can calculate the toll fees for your journey using this [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-2 calculator], by entering the starting point of your journey on the left column of drop-down lists and your destination on the middle column of drop-down lists, as well as the [http://www.portugaltolls.com/documents/11238/bcd71ea6-8f18-4260-a1b2-02e9b8ad2228 class of your vehicle] and the method of calculation (Distância for minimum distance whatever the cost or Custo for minimum fees without taking into account the distance difference).

A [http://www1.estradas.pt/documents/1029518/ea7c598f-e24f-4b80-be0b-fbdffe69bde4 map of all Portuguese toll roads] (it includes both types) is available following the link. The legend in English language is available at the bottom right of the PDF file.

[http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-3 Detailed maps of toll locations and their rates] in Algarve, Baixo Tejo, Beira Interior, Beiras Litoral e Alta, Costa de Prata, Grande Porto, Interior Norte, Litoral Oeste, Norte Litoral, Pinhal Interior, Transmontana and the A23 non concessioned section (IP) are available in the PDF files listed following the link.

==== Conventional toll roads ====

The available payment methods in toll plazas are listed bellow and vary according the lane:

<ol>
<li>Payment with cash or with a debit / credit card. When you enter the motorway you are going to receive a ticket that certifies your entry point in order to calculate the fees as the tolls are distance based. When reaching the toll gates you should choose the lane with the inscription above it reading "Via Manual" accompanied by a sign depicting the silhouette of a man in a blue font, which indicates the presence of a manned toll booth in that lane, if you wish to pay in cash to the operator or the lane with the inscription above it that reads "Via Manual" accompanied by a sign depicting Euro coins and a bank card in blue font, if you wish to pay to the automated machine by cash or with your debit / credit card. Just in case your card is not accepted is always a good idea to have cash with you as a back up payment method. 
'''Note that if you loose the ticket you have to pay the full distance from the start of the road till the toll plaza.'''</li> 

<li>Via Verde electronic transponder. '''The transponder can also be used for payments at electronic toll roads in Portugal, so if you use it there is no need to check for alternative payment methods for the electronic tolls. Please note that the Via Verde transponder is also compatible with [https://www.viaverde.pt/via-verde/onde-e-como-usar/traveller Spanish electronic tolls]. Vice versa the Spanish VIA-T transponder (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive]), the French [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/le-telepeage-europe/ Liber-t] transponder and the Italian [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway Telepass] transponder can be used for paying the Portuguese tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the Via Verde transponder.''' 
You can rent a temporary electronic transponder called [https://servicos.viaverde.pt/Visitors/LoginPage.jsf "Via Verde Visitors"]. It has a rental cost of 6 € in the first week and 1,5 € in the following weeks and you have to make an initial deposit of 27,50 € (refundable upon return of the device). It´s valid for a maximum of 90 days. You can get the transponder at [https://www.viaverde.pt/ferramentas/mapa-de-servicos Via Verde stores]. 
In case you visit Portugal frequently and if you have a Portuguese bank account, you can buy the electronic device [https://www.viaverde.pt/particulares/via-verde/como-aderir?s=identificador Via Verde Leve] with fees of 0,70 € for each month you use the device and 0 cost for months you don't. You can buy it in Via Verde stores or order it online. 
In order to use the device you have to join the motorway by the dedicated Via Verde lanes (there are one or two in any case), indicated by a sign with the letter V in green background and identical road surface markings. At thew toll plaza by passing through the dedicated Via Verde lanes the appropriate fee for the distance you have traveled will be deducted from your connected bank account. 
Read the [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/colocacao-de-dispositivos installation instructions] for the right placement of the transponder that will ensure its smooth operation. '''Please note that rented devices should not be affixed to the windshield permanently, but instead held in place when the vehicle crosses the toll gates via the dedicated Via Verde lane.'''</li>
</ol>

==== Electronic toll roads ====

Electronic toll roads have no toll plazas. Gantries over these motorways have cameras installed and use a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number-plate_recognition ANPR] system to read your vehicle's plates and calculate the toll fees for your journey.

[[File:Electronic toll - Portugal.png|thumb|220px|Sign H44a indicating a road with electronic tolls collection]]

These motorways are or include parts of:

# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A4_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A4]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A13_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A13] and A13-1
# Autoestrada A17
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A19_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A19]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A22_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A22]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A23_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A23]
# Autoestrada A24
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A25_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A25]
# Autoestrada A27
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A28_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrasa A28]
# Autoestrada A29
# Autoestrada A33
# Autoestrada A41
# Autoestrada A44

The exact motorways or their parts that use electronic tolls are marked [http://www1.estradas.pt/documents/1029518/ea7c598f-e24f-4b80-be0b-fbdffe69bde4 on the map] with red color.

The available payment methods are:

<ol>
<li>'''Via Verde electronic transponder'''. It's the same transponder that it is used in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' (listed as the second method of payment). If you have already rent or bought it and installed it in your vehicle you are also covered regarding electronic tolls' payments and there is no need to read about and of course use any of the following alternative payment methods.</li> 
<li>'''EASYToll.''' The EASYToll system associates your debit or credit card (Mastercard, Visa or Maestro) to your vehicle´s license plate. You have to visit one of the following EASYToll Welcome Points (before driving on any of the electronic toll roads, otherwise you will be fined for using these roads without paying the toll fees, except of course if you use one of the alternative payment methods):
<ol>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/GCGpawVM9d1sYhaBA A22 – next to Castro Marim/Ayamonte border]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/8voc5cDHDFFWXBa86 A24 – at 3,5km from Chaves/Veribn border]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/ejp96DHo5KNuLfAh7 A25 – Alto de Leomil Service Area]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/uG31ZoB3D55aWmyV7 A28 - Viana do Castelo Service Area]<li>
</ol> and without leaving your vehicle place your card in the payment machine. The system automatically associates the vehicle's license plate to the card you used in the terminal. The toll fees will be directly debited from the bank account associated with this bank card each time you drive on electronic toll roads from now on. When signing up a ticket is issued by the machine and must be kept as proof of the procedure. The card association with the vehicle's plates is valid for 30 days. The sign up process has a cost of 0,74 € and each journey has an administrative cost of 0,32 € additionally to the actual toll fees calculated for your journey. 

You cam search which license plates are associated with an EASYToll identifier, correct the license plates' number associated with your card or cancel the membership [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-5 online] or by calling the telephone number 707 500 501 from Portugal or the +351 287 95 55 from abroad. 
'''If you have rented a car and have associated your card with its plates don't forget to cancel your EASYToll membership after returning the car to the rental car company, because if you don't and the next client drives it on an electronic toll roads the fees will be deducted from your bank account.'''</li> 
<li>'''TOLLCard.'''The TOLLCard is a prepaid card, available for purchase at values of 5, 10, 20 or 40 € (with an added service cost of 0,74€ for each purchased card). 
You can buy a TOLLCard [http://www.tollcard.pt/fetcwcm/wcmservlet/en/comprar/comprar-online.html online], at [https://www.ctt.pt/feapl_2/app/open/stationSearch/stationSearch.jspx?request_locale=en CTT post offices] or at the following motorways' service areas:
<ol>
<li>Almodôvar on A2 motorway</li>
<li>Barcelos on A3 highway</li>
<li>Estremoz on A6 highway</li>
<li>Seide on A7 highway</li>
<li>All service areas of A22 motorway</li>
<li>All service areas of A23 motorway</li>
<li>Celorico, Vouzela and Aveiro on the A25 highway</li>
<li>Viana do Castelo and Vila do Conde on the A28 highway</li>
</ol>
After purchasing the card you should [https://www.ctt.pt/fepme/app/open/tollcard/activation.jspx?request_locale=en activate it online] by providing the code printed on the card or on the receipt, if you have bought the card online, and the license plate of your vehicle, in order to associate it with the card. You can also enter the number of your mobile phone to receive a free SMS alert when your card's balance runs out. You can activate more than one cards at the same time, with your total balance being the sum of their values. 

Every time you drive on a road with electronic tolls the toll fees will automatically get deducted from your card's balance plus an administrative cost of 0,32 €. 
You can check [https://www.ctt.pt/fepme/app/open/tollcard/balance.jspx the card's remaining balance on CTT's website] and when the card balance runs out you will be notified by an SMS, if you had provided your mobile phone's number during registration. 
Each card is valid for one year after its activation. A TOLLCard that has never been activated or damaged can be returned at CTT post offices and in that case its value will be refunded. The remaining credit can also be refunded if a credit card was used for the payment, within a 6 months period.</li> 
<li>'''TOLLService.''' This is a prepaid product that offers 2 available options:
<ol>
<li> Prepaid card for unlimited journeys for 3 days with a cost of 20 € plus an additional service cost of 0,74 € paid once during the purchase. It is valid for [http://www.portugaltolls.com/documents/11238/bcd71ea6-8f18-4260-a1b2-02e9b8ad2228 class 1 and 2 vehicles].</li>
<li>Prepaid card for a predefined date and journey:
<ul>
<li>Spain - Porto Airport, via A28 or A41 (one journey or round trip).</li>
<li>Spain - Faro Airport via A22 (one journey or round trip).</li>
</ul>
</ol>

You can [http://www.tollcard.pt/fetcwcm/wcmservlet/en/comprar/outros-produtos.html purchase TOLLService tickets online] or at Cepsa Service Areas in Viana dos Castelo (A28), Abrantes (A23) and Olhão (A22), at [https://goo.gl/maps/yCcZhmKqvTLqXkkh8 Porto´s airport] and at [https://www.ctt.pt/feapl_2/app/open/stationSearch/stationSearch.jspx?request_locale=en CTT post-offices].</li>
</ol>

==== Unpaid tolls ====

You can check on the following websites to find out if any unpaid tolls are standing for your license plates:

<ol>
<li>'''[https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_Portal/IC.aspx pagamentodeportagens.pt]'''. It covers only motorways [https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_BaseTheme/img/map_road.png?1386 marked with orange on this map]. Excluded motorways are marked with the same color as the background, but with a deeper tone. 
You have to wait for 15 days since the day you drove on the motorway without paying the toll fees in order to make sure the fees are available for payment on the website. Specifically for motorways A4 ([https://goo.gl/maps/446qnRBTCMEqifvQ8 Vila Real] / [https://goo.gl/maps/aPwwP8xpHxci8aSH9 Parada de Cunhos] and [https://goo.gl/maps/5XsrdJusxn8pgAur6 Quintanilha]), A23 (Torres Novas / Guarda Sul) or on the A25, you can pay 48 hours after the toll fee was registered. 
In case you have received an Outstanding Payment Notice for unpaid tolls (something that is rare, if not impossible for non Portuguese residents), you have to [https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_Portal/Registration.aspx create an account] in order to proceed with the payment.</li> 
<li>'''[https://portal.ascendi.pt/en/pesquisa-por-matricula portal.ascendi.pt]''' On Ascendi's portal you can pay unpaid toll fees for [https://ascendi.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/mapa_web.pdf motorways managed by Ascendi, shown on the map], also listed in [https://ascendi.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/tabela_Ing.pdf this list]. 
Ascendi cooperates with [https://www.nivi.it/default.aspx Nivi Credit], a company responsible for collecting the debts owed by the owners of foreign-registered vehicles who did not pay their tolls when traveling on the motorways, on behalf of Ascendi. If you want to [https://www.nivi.it/Pagamento.aspx pay online], you can use the username and password provided in the letter you received..</li>
</ol>

=== Tolled bridges ===

==== 25 de Abril Bridge ====

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge 25 de Abril Bridge] is a suspension bridge which connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon Lisbon] with the municipality of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almada Almada]. The toll plaza is located at Almada and charges apply only to vehicles traveling northbound, from Almada to Lisbon. Vehicles driving towards Almada do not pay any toll fees.

[https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/25-de-abril/general-info Toll rates] for different vehicle categories as well as discounts are listed on the bridge's operator's website.

The lanes at the toll plaza are numbered from 1 to 16, from left to right. The payment methods for the tolls of the bridge are:

<ol>
<li>Cash and Debit / Credit Cards. Lanes 3, 7, 8 and 9 are manned and accept all forms of payment, but only light vehicles. Lane 10 is also manned but accepts all types of vehicles. Lanes 15 and 16 also have a toll booth operator and accept all vehicles, bust from 07:00 to 10:00 accept only public transport vehicles.</li> 

<li>Via Verde Transponder. Its way of use is described in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' section. 
Lanes 1 and 2 accept light vehicles with the transponder. Lanes 13 and 14 accept all types of vehicles that have the transponder installed. 
'''Owners of the Via Verde transponder enjoy a discount of 70%, for a number of crosses between 13 and 70 in a month and free crossings from the 72nd crossing in the same month.'''</li> 
<li>[https://viacard.pt/viacard/ ViaCard] and [https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/destaques/viacard-eco ViaCard ECO]. Membership for the ViaCard or the ViaCard ECO (for electric and PHEV vehicles' owners) can be completed [https://gestao.viacard.pt/signupform online].</li> 
Lane 4 is exclusive for ViaCard owners of Class 1 vehicles from 07:00 to 10:00 on business days. Lanes 5 and 6 are exclusive for ViaCard owners of Class 1 and 2 vehicles and motorcycles. Lanes 11 and 12 are exclusive for Viacard owners regardless the type of their vehicle. 

'''ViaCard owners enjoy a 10% discount and ViaCard ECO owners a 15% discount for their 1st to 12th crossings in a month. From their 13th crossing to their 70th crossing discounts are 70% and 80% respectively. From the 71st crossing all ViaCard owners enjoy a free pass, as the discount becomes 100%'''</li>
</ol>

==== Vasco da Gama Bridge ====

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge Vasco da Gama Bridge] is a cable-stayed bridge in Lisbon, connecting [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacav%C3%A9m Sacavém] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcochete Alcochete] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montijo,_Portugal Montijo]. It is the second longest bridge in Europe after the Crimean Bridge, with a total length of 12,345 km. The toll plaza is located at Montijo and charges apply only to vehicles traveling northbound, towards Sacavém. Vehicles driving towards Montijo do not pay any toll fees.

[https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/vasco-da-gama/general-info Toll rates] for different vehicle categories as well as discounts are listed on the bridge's operator's website.

The lanes at the toll plaza are numbered from 1 to 12, from right to left. The payment methods for the tolls of the bridge are:

<ol>
<li>Cash and Debit / Credit Cards. Lane is manned and accepts all forms of payment, but only light vehicles. Lanes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are also manned but accept all types of vehicles. Lanes 15 and 16 also have a toll booth operator and accept all vehicles, bust from 07:00 to 10:00 accept only public transport vehicles.</li> 

<li>Via Verde Transponder. Its way of use is described in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' section. 
Lanes 3, 4, 11 and 12 accept all vehicles with the transponder.</li> 
<li>[https://viacard.pt/viacard/ ViaCard] and [https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/destaques/viacard-eco ViaCard ECO]. Membership for the ViaCard or the ViaCard ECO (for electric and PHEV vehicles' owners) can be completed [https://gestao.viacard.pt/signupform online].</li> 
Lane 2 is exclusive for ViaCard owners, regardless the type of their vehicle. 

'''During business days from 07:00 to 10:00 ViaCard owners have a 5% discount and ViaCard ECO holders a 10% discount. For weekdays from 07:00 to 10:00, as well as in weekends and holidays the discount becomes 10% and 20% respectively..'''</li>
</ol>

==== Lezíria Bridge ====

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lez%C3%ADria_Bridge Lezíria Bridge] which is part of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A10_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A10] has manned toll booths that accept both cash and debit /credit cards as means of payment. Toll rate is 1,25 € for passenger cars.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

In Lisbon vehicle access restrictions apply for all vehicle categories in 2 zones presented [http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/fileadmin/VIVER/Mobilidade/ZER/ZERLisboa_3fase_01.pdf on the map in the second page of the PDF file].

In Zone 1 from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. only vehicles manufactured since 2000 (Euro 3 vehicles of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars European emission standards classification]) can enter within the restricted area.

In Zone 2 from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. only vehicles manufactured since 1996 (Euro 2 vehicles of the European emission standards classification) can access the restricted area.

Legal access for older vehicles is possible by retrofitting a filter that is approved by the IMT - [http://www.imt-ip.pt Institute for Mobility and Transport] - accompanied with documentation stating the emissions' reduction.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Germany

2025-08-19T15:32:29Z

CostasAthan: Fixed the numbering of articles, paragraphs, and sections in the StVO references in the /* Headlights */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# One refelctive jacket, regardless the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
# Emergency warning triangle (Compulsory for vehicles registered in Germany, including rental cars.)
# First aid kit. (Compulsory for four-wheeled vehicles registered in Germany, including of course rental cars.)

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 2a'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 1'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 2'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 17, Section 3'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Germany

2025-08-19T15:15:38Z

CostasAthan: Changed the link to the StVO from a PDF version to an HTML version in the /* Speed Limits */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# One refelctive jacket, regardless the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
# Emergency warning triangle (Compulsory for vehicles registered in Germany, including rental cars.)
# First aid kit. (Compulsory for four-wheeled vehicles registered in Germany, including of course rental cars.)

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 2a'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 1'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 2'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 3'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Germany

2025-08-19T15:03:36Z

CostasAthan: Updated the vehicle lighting rules in /* Headlights */ section, in order to present them in more detail.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/StVO.pdf "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# One refelctive jacket, regardless the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
# Emergency warning triangle (Compulsory for vehicles registered in Germany, including rental cars.)
# First aid kit. (Compulsory for four-wheeled vehicles registered in Germany, including of course rental cars.)

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists are obliged to drive with headlights on, all day long. If a motorcycle is not equipped with Daytime Running Lights (DRLs), then low beam lights have to be activated.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 2a'', 2013</ref>

Head lights must be on during the dusk, during night driving or when visibility conditions require so.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 1'', 2013</ref> Low-beam lights should be used and driving with parking lights alone is prohibited. On roads with continuous and sufficient illumination, it is not permitted to drive with high beam lights turned on. When high beams are used, they must be dimmed in good time when another vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction, is driving closely ahead, or when required to ensure road safety on or adjacent to the roadway.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 2'', 2013</ref>

If fog, snowfall, or rain significantly impair visibility, low beam headlights must be used even during the day. Fog lights may only be used in such weather. If there are two fog lamps, instead of low beam headlights, the additional use of parking lights is sufficient. On motorcycles without a sidecar, only the fog light needs to be used. Rear fog lights may only be used when the visibility due to fog is less than 50 meters.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__17.html "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article 17, § 3'', 2013</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Austria

2025-06-29T07:57:12Z

CostasAthan: Updated Youtube video link

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Austria] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Austria are presented in the table:<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011336 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Straßenverkehrsordnung 1960, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''Section II, § 20'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 130 km/h (80 mph)<ref group="note">In the motorways listed bellow a limit of 110 km/h applies between 10 p.m and 5 a.m. daily:
# Tauern motorway A10 in its entire length except Tauern and Katschberg tunnels
# Inntal motorway A12 in its entire length
# Brenner Autobahn A13 in its entire length
# Rheintal Autobahn A14 in its entire length</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011838 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkungen auf bestimmten Autobahnen zur Nachtzeit, Fassung vom 16.03.2020 "], ''§ 1'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref group="note">When air pollution is to high reduced speed limits to 100 km/h apply indicated by the label IG-L on the electronic boards of the motorways, bellow the speed limit sign.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with a light trailer (< 750 kg) || 50 (31) || 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles with all trailers and a combined weight ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with all trailers mentioned in the data sheet of the vehicle || 50 (31) || 70 (44) || 80 (50) || 80 (50)
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with snow chains || colspan=4" | 50 (31) recommended
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with spike tires || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Towing with a rope, a bar, a towing dolly or a salvage crane || colspan=2" | 40 (25) || 40 (25) to the next junction || 40 (25) to the next exit
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits should be carried along with the license.<ref>Holidays in Austria, The Official Travel Portal [https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/getting-there-around/by-car#driving-licence "Is my driving licence valid in Austria?"], 2022.08.24</ref>
# Car registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry a suitable warning sign (warning triangle). Motorcyclists are exempted from this obligation.<ref name="warningEquipment">Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 102'', 16.03.2020</ref>
# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry reflective warning clothing at all times. No such obligation exists for two-wheeled vehicles. These must be kept inside the vehicle and, when necessary (e.g. in case of an accident or a breakdown), worn when getting out of the vehicle. Appropriate warning clothes are, for example, jackets, overalls, trousers and blankets, which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) EN 471 or ÖNORM EN ISO 20471.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>
# A First Aid kit that is suitable for wound treatment must be carried in motor vehicles, and hence also on two-wheeled motor vehicles at all times. It must be kept in a robust dust-proof container and protected from dirt. The driver is responsible for complying with this regulation. The aforementioned attributes constitute the legal minimum requirement. There is no legal obligation to carry First Aid kits which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) V 5101. However, it is recommended to carry such kits as they include all objects that are essential for primary medical care.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>

== Winter conditions ==

Between 1 November and 15 April, passenger cars and trucks with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.5 t may be operated in winter conditions such as snow-covered tracks, snowy slush or ice only if winter tires have been installed on all wheels.

As an alternative to winter tires, snow chains may be used on at least two driving wheels, however, these may only be used in case the road is covered by a complete or scarcely broken snow cover or sheet of ice.

According to the law, only tires which bear the following letters are regarded as winter tires: "M+S", "M.S." or "M&S" or with an additional or an exclusive snowflake sign (3PMSF). All-season tires may only be used as winter tires if they have such an inscription.
Special use tires are only regarded as winter tires if they bear the following letters: "ET", "ML" or "MPT".<ref>Oesterreich.gv.at, [https://www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/6/Seite.0631001.html "Winter Tyres"], 06.02.2020</ref>

=== Spike tires ===

Driving with spike tires is forbidden only in the summer months of June, July, August and September. A standardized spike sticker must be attached to the rear of the vehicle in a position that makes it clearly visible. Such stickers are available at motorist associations (ÖAMTC, ARBÖ).

Spikes may only be used in combination with motor vehicles [Kraftwagen] with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.500 kg. If the towing vehicle is equipped with spikes, the trailer that is being towed must also be equipped with spikes (up to a maximum axle load of 1.800 kg).

Spikes must be used on all wheels which transfer forces to the road surface. The tire's steel pins must not stick out more than 2,0 mm beyond the tire's tread and must settle tightly in the tyre in order to avoid damage of the road surface and of other vehicles.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 4 & § 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Headlights ==

There is no general obligation to switch on the lights during the day. However, a dipped beam is always required if visibility is impaired by rain, snowfall, fog and the like and at dusk and in the dark. Two-wheeled motorcycles (mopeds, motor bikes) have to be driven with a dipped beam or with daytime running lights at all times.

Lights may be used during the day if the driver so chooses.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 99'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you have to pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card.

Some manned and all unmanned stations (which are not that common) have pay at the pump systems. In that case you can use a credit / debit card in the pumps payment terminal or even cash.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. 91 RON petrol is labeled as "Benzin". The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/austria/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/austria/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel stations locations and fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Austria:

# [https://www./#/fossil Spritpreisrechner.at] a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs].
# [https://www.oeamtc.at/spritapp/SimpleSearch.do?spritaction=showSimple ÖAMTC] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.oeamtc.android Android] (choose "Tanken" from the app's menu) and [https://apps.apple.com/at/app/%C3%B6amtc/id329772634 iOS] (again choose "Tanken").
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android. The app is available in English.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

[https://www.ladestellen.at/#/electric ladestellen.at], a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs] offers a list of the available chargers for electric vehicles and PHEVs, offering the capability of searching chargers by their connector's type.

== Road user charges ==

=== Toll Sticker (vignette) and Digital Vignette ===

All cars, motorbikes and camper vans up to 3,5 t mpw (maximum permissible weight) must properly display a toll sticker or have purchased online in time a digital vignette when they drive onto motorways (Bundesstraßen A or Bundesautobahnen) or expressways (Schnellstraßen or officially Bundesstraßen S).

As of now, the toll collection along the entire motorway and expressway network of Austria, which up until this point was uninterrupted, shall allow individual exceptions, at least temporarily. These exceptions shall enter into force in five sections as of 15 December 2019.

* the toll road A1 Westautobahn between the national border at Walserberg and the Salzburg Nord junction,
* the toll road A12 Inntalautobahn between the national border at Kufstein and the Kufstein-Süd junction,
* the toll road A14 Rheintal/Walgau Autobahn between the national border at Hörbranz and the Hohenems junction,
* the bypass bridges to be built on the toll road A7 Mühlkreis Autobahn between the Hafenstraße junction and the Urfahr junction (currently still under construction) and
* the toll road A26 Linzer Autobahn (currently still under construction)

Vignettes with periods of validity of 10 days, 2 months or 1 year are available. Prices can be seen in the following table:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vignette prices
! Type of vehicle !! 10-day vignette !! 2-month vignette !! Annual vignette<ref group="note" name="vignette">Annual vignettes are valid for 14 months, from 1st December of the previous year till 31st January of the following. for example 2020's annual vignette is valid from 1st December 2019 till 31st January 2021.</ref>
|-
| Vehicle with a maximum gross vehicle weight of up to 3,5 t || 9,40 € || 27,40 € || 91,10 €
|-
| Motorcycle || 5,40 € || 13.70 € || 36,20 €
|}

'''Note:'''
<references group="note"/>

==== Purchase and installation ====

If you are crossing borders and you are going to enter an Austrian motorway or expressway you have to have the vignette installed before reaching Austrian soil. You can get your toll sticker at [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/sales-outlets/ around 6.000 points of sale] (petrol stations, tobacco shops, driving clubs and ASFINAG toll stations).

Be aware that for the 10-day and 2-month vignettes the date of purchase must be punched on the sticker for it to be valid. If for example the punch day (Lochungstag) is 10 January 2020, the 10-day vignette is valid till and including 19 January 2020, midnight and the 2-month vignette is valid till and including 10 March 2020, midnight.

For cars attach the toll sticker in a visible location on the inside of the windscreen (ASFiNAG's suggestion: at top left or near the rear view mirror).

'''Attention''': Do not attach the toll sticker in the tinted section of the windscreen.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wR69hoZsyY</youtube>

For motorcycles attach the toll sticker on a clean and above all non-replaceable part of the motorcycle (e.g. a fork rod or the tank).

'''Attention''': A toll sticker attached to a luggage case or a motorcycle bag is not valid.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8E8_iv9FHE&t=38s</youtube>

==== Digital vignette ====

You can buy a digital vignette from anywhere within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, abolishing the need to install the physical sticker, on ASFiNAG's [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/ webshop] and on the free ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS].

The digital vignette is linked to the car's number plate. '''As a consumer, you cannot use the digital vignette immediately after purchase, it is valid at the earliest 18 days after purchase. If you are an entrepreneur, this time limit does not apply to you.''' In other words: In order to have a valid Digital Vignette on February 1st (from then only the 2020 vignette is valid), you must purchase it online by 14 January 2020 at the latest. This only applies to consumers and not to companies / entrepreneurs.

You can check the validity of your digital vignette by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ validity check tool].

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-slD817o6XE</youtube>

=== Toll roads ===

There are certain motorways and an expressway which have tolls and a vignette is not needed between the individual toll stations, unlike elsewhere on motorways and expressways. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2878/asfinag_strecken_201801_streckenmaut_d.jpg map] with them marked in green is availabe following the link. These motorways are:

* A9 Pyhrn motorway: Gleinalm and Bosruck tunnel
* A10 Tauern motorway: Katschberg tunnel and Tauern tunnel
* A11 Karawanken motorway: Karawanks Tunnel
* A13 Brenner motorway
* S16 Arlberg expressway: Arlberg Road Tunnel

Here is the available payment methods:

# Directly at the toll station to the toll operator by cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or Maestro card.
# There are also lanes with toll processing machines at the toll stations, which again accept cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or debit card (Austrian Maestro card and German EC card) The machine accepts coins and banknotes (up to 20-euro bills), and it gives change. There is a button you can press if you would like a receipt. After paying using the toll processing machine remember to take your receipt! The toll covers your onward journey on the A13 within 24 hours in the same direction. One of the machines you may encounter during your trip can be seen in [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1345/sondermaut_8_mautautomat_520.jpg this picture], if you follow the link. In addition to the previous type of toll machines, there are credit card machines on the A13 Brenner motorway, the A10 Tauern motorway and the A9 Pyhrn motorway. They differ from the toll machines mentioned above, as they they do not accept cash. The lanes that take you to the credit card machines are marked in bright orange. At toll stations there are always on the left in the direction of travel. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2834/streckenmaut_7_kreditkartenautomat_520-neu.jpg picture of credit card toll machine] is available by clicking on the previous link 
# You can also buy a video toll ticket that register's your vehicle's number plates. As soon you you enter a toll lane of your choice with the registered vehicle, the car number plate is identified, the barriers open automatically and you can pass through quickly without having to stop. There is also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1314/videomaut02.jpg specially marked video toll lane] that can only be used by cars without a trailer. The car must be no wider than two meters (wheelbase). By choosing the dedicated lane you save time by not waiting behind drivers who don't use the video system and have to stop in order to pay. Depending on the motorway there are tickets for 1 or 2 trips or even annual one's for daily commuters. If you plan to use the same motorway for for a number of times that would give a total greater than an annual ticket, then the annual ticket gives a cheaper option. <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUCdt-Q1as0</youtube> You can buy a video toll ticket:
## by visiting [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/produktkauf/product-selection/id/Streckenmaut ASFiNAG's webshop]
## by using ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS] and
## At the OMV petrol station Brenner and Rest area Münster Nord you can buy a video toll ticket from a machine. The machines only accept credit and debit cards, not cash. https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1346/videomaut-automat.jpg

The validity of your video toll ticket can be checked by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ check tool].

The pricing of tolls in Austria is available on ASFiNAG's website: [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/route-and-digital-section-toll/route-rates/ Route rates].

Also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/4461/asfinag_strecken_201911_mautausnahmen.jpg map] with the roads where a vignette is mandatory (orange color), stretches of roads where the use of the vignette is exempted (blue color) and toll roads (green color) is available by following the link.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are restrictions that only concern lorries and heavy goods vehicles (HGV). As of today all the other vehicles can move into cities unrestrictedly and there are no any environmental schemes enforced that affect passenger vehicles in any city in the country.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with an electronic vignette road pricing scheme]]
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Austria

2025-06-29T07:48:43Z

CostasAthan: Updated Youtube video links

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Austria] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Austria are presented in the table:<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011336 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Straßenverkehrsordnung 1960, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''Section II, § 20'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 130 km/h (80 mph)<ref group="note">In the motorways listed bellow a limit of 110 km/h applies between 10 p.m and 5 a.m. daily:
# Tauern motorway A10 in its entire length except Tauern and Katschberg tunnels
# Inntal motorway A12 in its entire length
# Brenner Autobahn A13 in its entire length
# Rheintal Autobahn A14 in its entire length</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011838 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkungen auf bestimmten Autobahnen zur Nachtzeit, Fassung vom 16.03.2020 "], ''§ 1'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref group="note">When air pollution is to high reduced speed limits to 100 km/h apply indicated by the label IG-L on the electronic boards of the motorways, bellow the speed limit sign.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with a light trailer (< 750 kg) || 50 (31) || 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles with all trailers and a combined weight ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with all trailers mentioned in the data sheet of the vehicle || 50 (31) || 70 (44) || 80 (50) || 80 (50)
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with snow chains || colspan=4" | 50 (31) recommended
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with spike tires || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Towing with a rope, a bar, a towing dolly or a salvage crane || colspan=2" | 40 (25) || 40 (25) to the next junction || 40 (25) to the next exit
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits should be carried along with the license.<ref>Holidays in Austria, The Official Travel Portal [https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/getting-there-around/by-car#driving-licence "Is my driving licence valid in Austria?"], 2022.08.24</ref>
# Car registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry a suitable warning sign (warning triangle). Motorcyclists are exempted from this obligation.<ref name="warningEquipment">Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 102'', 16.03.2020</ref>
# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry reflective warning clothing at all times. No such obligation exists for two-wheeled vehicles. These must be kept inside the vehicle and, when necessary (e.g. in case of an accident or a breakdown), worn when getting out of the vehicle. Appropriate warning clothes are, for example, jackets, overalls, trousers and blankets, which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) EN 471 or ÖNORM EN ISO 20471.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>
# A First Aid kit that is suitable for wound treatment must be carried in motor vehicles, and hence also on two-wheeled motor vehicles at all times. It must be kept in a robust dust-proof container and protected from dirt. The driver is responsible for complying with this regulation. The aforementioned attributes constitute the legal minimum requirement. There is no legal obligation to carry First Aid kits which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) V 5101. However, it is recommended to carry such kits as they include all objects that are essential for primary medical care.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>

== Winter conditions ==

Between 1 November and 15 April, passenger cars and trucks with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.5 t may be operated in winter conditions such as snow-covered tracks, snowy slush or ice only if winter tires have been installed on all wheels.

As an alternative to winter tires, snow chains may be used on at least two driving wheels, however, these may only be used in case the road is covered by a complete or scarcely broken snow cover or sheet of ice.

According to the law, only tires which bear the following letters are regarded as winter tires: "M+S", "M.S." or "M&S" or with an additional or an exclusive snowflake sign (3PMSF). All-season tires may only be used as winter tires if they have such an inscription.
Special use tires are only regarded as winter tires if they bear the following letters: "ET", "ML" or "MPT".<ref>Oesterreich.gv.at, [https://www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/6/Seite.0631001.html "Winter Tyres"], 06.02.2020</ref>

=== Spike tires ===

Driving with spike tires is forbidden only in the summer months of June, July, August and September. A standardized spike sticker must be attached to the rear of the vehicle in a position that makes it clearly visible. Such stickers are available at motorist associations (ÖAMTC, ARBÖ).

Spikes may only be used in combination with motor vehicles [Kraftwagen] with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.500 kg. If the towing vehicle is equipped with spikes, the trailer that is being towed must also be equipped with spikes (up to a maximum axle load of 1.800 kg).

Spikes must be used on all wheels which transfer forces to the road surface. The tire's steel pins must not stick out more than 2,0 mm beyond the tire's tread and must settle tightly in the tyre in order to avoid damage of the road surface and of other vehicles.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 4 & § 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Headlights ==

There is no general obligation to switch on the lights during the day. However, a dipped beam is always required if visibility is impaired by rain, snowfall, fog and the like and at dusk and in the dark. Two-wheeled motorcycles (mopeds, motor bikes) have to be driven with a dipped beam or with daytime running lights at all times.

Lights may be used during the day if the driver so chooses.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 99'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you have to pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card.

Some manned and all unmanned stations (which are not that common) have pay at the pump systems. In that case you can use a credit / debit card in the pumps payment terminal or even cash.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. 91 RON petrol is labeled as "Benzin". The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/austria/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/austria/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel stations locations and fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Austria:

# [https://www./#/fossil Spritpreisrechner.at] a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs].
# [https://www.oeamtc.at/spritapp/SimpleSearch.do?spritaction=showSimple ÖAMTC] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.oeamtc.android Android] (choose "Tanken" from the app's menu) and [https://apps.apple.com/at/app/%C3%B6amtc/id329772634 iOS] (again choose "Tanken").
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android. The app is available in English.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

[https://www.ladestellen.at/#/electric ladestellen.at], a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs] offers a list of the available chargers for electric vehicles and PHEVs, offering the capability of searching chargers by their connector's type.

== Road user charges ==

=== Toll Sticker (vignette) and Digital Vignette ===

All cars, motorbikes and camper vans up to 3,5 t mpw (maximum permissible weight) must properly display a toll sticker or have purchased online in time a digital vignette when they drive onto motorways (Bundesstraßen A or Bundesautobahnen) or expressways (Schnellstraßen or officially Bundesstraßen S).

As of now, the toll collection along the entire motorway and expressway network of Austria, which up until this point was uninterrupted, shall allow individual exceptions, at least temporarily. These exceptions shall enter into force in five sections as of 15 December 2019.

* the toll road A1 Westautobahn between the national border at Walserberg and the Salzburg Nord junction,
* the toll road A12 Inntalautobahn between the national border at Kufstein and the Kufstein-Süd junction,
* the toll road A14 Rheintal/Walgau Autobahn between the national border at Hörbranz and the Hohenems junction,
* the bypass bridges to be built on the toll road A7 Mühlkreis Autobahn between the Hafenstraße junction and the Urfahr junction (currently still under construction) and
* the toll road A26 Linzer Autobahn (currently still under construction)

Vignettes with periods of validity of 10 days, 2 months or 1 year are available. Prices can be seen in the following table:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vignette prices
! Type of vehicle !! 10-day vignette !! 2-month vignette !! Annual vignette<ref group="note" name="vignette">Annual vignettes are valid for 14 months, from 1st December of the previous year till 31st January of the following. for example 2020's annual vignette is valid from 1st December 2019 till 31st January 2021.</ref>
|-
| Vehicle with a maximum gross vehicle weight of up to 3,5 t || 9,40 € || 27,40 € || 91,10 €
|-
| Motorcycle || 5,40 € || 13.70 € || 36,20 €
|}

'''Note:'''
<references group="note"/>

==== Purchase and installation ====

If you are crossing borders and you are going to enter an Austrian motorway or expressway you have to have the vignette installed before reaching Austrian soil. You can get your toll sticker at [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/sales-outlets/ around 6.000 points of sale] (petrol stations, tobacco shops, driving clubs and ASFINAG toll stations).

Be aware that for the 10-day and 2-month vignettes the date of purchase must be punched on the sticker for it to be valid. If for example the punch day (Lochungstag) is 10 January 2020, the 10-day vignette is valid till and including 19 January 2020, midnight and the 2-month vignette is valid till and including 10 March 2020, midnight.

For cars attach the toll sticker in a visible location on the inside of the windscreen (ASFiNAG's suggestion: at top left or near the rear view mirror).

'''Attention''': Do not attach the toll sticker in the tinted section of the windscreen.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wR69hoZsyY</youtube>

For motorcycles attach the toll sticker on a clean and above all non-replaceable part of the motorcycle (e.g. a fork rod or the tank).

'''Attention''': A toll sticker attached to a luggage case or a motorcycle bag is not valid.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8E8_iv9FHE&t=38s</youtube>

==== Digital vignette ====

You can buy a digital vignette from anywhere within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, abolishing the need to install the physical sticker, on ASFiNAG's [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/ webshop] and on the free ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS].

The digital vignette is linked to the car's number plate. '''As a consumer, you cannot use the digital vignette immediately after purchase, it is valid at the earliest 18 days after purchase. If you are an entrepreneur, this time limit does not apply to you.''' In other words: In order to have a valid Digital Vignette on February 1st (from then only the 2020 vignette is valid), you must purchase it online by 14 January 2020 at the latest. This only applies to consumers and not to companies / entrepreneurs.

You can check the validity of your digital vignette by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ validity check tool].

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSX_6IxXJRI</youtube>

=== Toll roads ===

There are certain motorways and an expressway which have tolls and a vignette is not needed between the individual toll stations, unlike elsewhere on motorways and expressways. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2878/asfinag_strecken_201801_streckenmaut_d.jpg map] with them marked in green is availabe following the link. These motorways are:

* A9 Pyhrn motorway: Gleinalm and Bosruck tunnel
* A10 Tauern motorway: Katschberg tunnel and Tauern tunnel
* A11 Karawanken motorway: Karawanks Tunnel
* A13 Brenner motorway
* S16 Arlberg expressway: Arlberg Road Tunnel

Here is the available payment methods:

# Directly at the toll station to the toll operator by cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or Maestro card.
# There are also lanes with toll processing machines at the toll stations, which again accept cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or debit card (Austrian Maestro card and German EC card) The machine accepts coins and banknotes (up to 20-euro bills), and it gives change. There is a button you can press if you would like a receipt. After paying using the toll processing machine remember to take your receipt! The toll covers your onward journey on the A13 within 24 hours in the same direction. One of the machines you may encounter during your trip can be seen in [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1345/sondermaut_8_mautautomat_520.jpg this picture], if you follow the link. In addition to the previous type of toll machines, there are credit card machines on the A13 Brenner motorway, the A10 Tauern motorway and the A9 Pyhrn motorway. They differ from the toll machines mentioned above, as they they do not accept cash. The lanes that take you to the credit card machines are marked in bright orange. At toll stations there are always on the left in the direction of travel. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2834/streckenmaut_7_kreditkartenautomat_520-neu.jpg picture of credit card toll machine] is available by clicking on the previous link 
# You can also buy a video toll ticket that register's your vehicle's number plates. As soon you you enter a toll lane of your choice with the registered vehicle, the car number plate is identified, the barriers open automatically and you can pass through quickly without having to stop. There is also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1314/videomaut02.jpg specially marked video toll lane] that can only be used by cars without a trailer. The car must be no wider than two meters (wheelbase). By choosing the dedicated lane you save time by not waiting behind drivers who don't use the video system and have to stop in order to pay. Depending on the motorway there are tickets for 1 or 2 trips or even annual one's for daily commuters. If you plan to use the same motorway for for a number of times that would give a total greater than an annual ticket, then the annual ticket gives a cheaper option. <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUCdt-Q1as0</youtube> You can buy a video toll ticket:
## by visiting [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/produktkauf/product-selection/id/Streckenmaut ASFiNAG's webshop]
## by using ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS] and
## At the OMV petrol station Brenner and Rest area Münster Nord you can buy a video toll ticket from a machine. The machines only accept credit and debit cards, not cash. https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1346/videomaut-automat.jpg

The validity of your video toll ticket can be checked by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ check tool].

The pricing of tolls in Austria is available on ASFiNAG's website: [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/route-and-digital-section-toll/route-rates/ Route rates].

Also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/4461/asfinag_strecken_201911_mautausnahmen.jpg map] with the roads where a vignette is mandatory (orange color), stretches of roads where the use of the vignette is exempted (blue color) and toll roads (green color) is available by following the link.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are restrictions that only concern lorries and heavy goods vehicles (HGV). As of today all the other vehicles can move into cities unrestrictedly and there are no any environmental schemes enforced that affect passenger vehicles in any city in the country.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with an electronic vignette road pricing scheme]]
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2023-12-03T11:34:55Z

CostasAthan: Entered AD1 for Extension:WimaAdvertising

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help-mediawiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* AD1
* LANGUAGES

Germany

2022-12-08T22:42:55Z

CostasAthan: Added a missing "(" symbol in /* Environmental stickers */ section

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/StVO.pdf "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# One refelctive jacket, regardless the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
# Emergency warning triangle (Compulsory for vehicles registered in Germany, including rental cars.)
# First aid kit. (Compulsory for four-wheeled vehicles registered in Germany, including of course rental cars.)

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists should drive with headlights on all day long.
Head lights must be on during night driving or if the visibility is impaired due to weather conditions. Low-beam should be used and driving in parking lights alone is prohibited.

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I (without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Finland

2022-08-24T22:35:22Z

CostasAthan: Added citation about the validity of foreign driving licenses in /* Documents */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland Finland] is a right-hand traffic country.
== Speed Limits ==
The general speed limits in Finland are presented in the table:<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180729#Pidp446214240 "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, 9 § Yleiset nopeusrajoitukset'', 10 August 2018</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Other roads || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motorways_Finland.svg Motorways]<ref group="note">Finnish motorways are marked with blue on the map.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles || 50 (31) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">That's the only general speed limit mentioned in the Finnish Road Traffic Act for all roads outside built-up areas. '''On major highways the limit can be 100 km/h (62 mph), set by speed limit traffic signs.'''</ref> || 120 (74)<ref group="note">On motorways the speed limit can be 120 km/h, set by speed limit traffic signs, which upgrade the 80 km/h general speed limit of Finland set for all roads outside built-up areas.</ref>
|-
| Winter<ref group="note">Around mid-October till March or April winter speed limits are in effect in Finland. The table presents the general speed limit reductions. For an exact presentation of the speed limits of each year visit https://vayla.fi/tieverkko/talvihoito/talvinopeudet and at the top left corner of the map click the arrow to open the legend. Uncheck all the checkboxes except the one called "talvinopeusrajoitukset", which is the one that displays the reduction of speed limits for winter on the map. Click the arrow next to "talvinopeusrajoitukset" to expand the legend that explains the color cod of the winter speed limits as well what the limits used to be at these sections before the winter limits had taken effect.</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) for sections that had a 100 (62) summer speed limit 70 (43) or 60 (37) for sections that had a 80 (49) summer speed limit || 100 (62)
|}
'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>
== Documents ==
# Driver's license. Driving licenses issued in an EU or EEA Member State or Switzerland are valid in Finland. Driving licenses issued by Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan or countries that have ratified the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic Geneva] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic Vienna Road Traffic Convention] are valid in Finland when visiting as a tourist. They are also valid for two years after their holders move permanently to Finland. If the driving licenses are not written in Latin alphabet a sworn translation into Finnish or Swedish is required or alternatively an International Driving Permit.<ref>The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom, [https://ajokortti-info.fi/en/basic-information-about-driving-licence/validity-foreign-driving-licences-finland "Validity of foreign driving licences in Finland"]'', 26.05.2021</ref>
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Holding an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is also a good idea.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==
# Warning triangle. It's compulsory for all vehicles except motorcycles. The warning triangle must be placed in a distance from the stopped vehicle that ensures that other road users will get notified in time for the obstacle.<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180729#Pidp446018576 "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, 57 §Tienkäyttäjien varoittaminen'', 10 August 2018</ref>
# High visibility reflective vest. Technically there is no requirement to carry one with you in your vehicle, but [https://www.liikenneturva.fi/en/road-safety/reflector pedestrians walking in the dark should use a reflector] covering specific standards. The vest should have a CE marking, it should meet the EN 13356 EU standard, it should mention the name of the institution that performed the classification tests and come with instructions of use by the manufacturer. So in case you have to step out o the car it is a good idea to carry a reflective vest with you.<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180729#Pidp447158048 "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, Jalan kulkeminen 13 § Jalankulkijan paikka tiellä ja heijastimen käyttäminen'', 10 August 2018</ref>
== Winter conditions ==
If the weather conditions require so, from November to March, winter tires with a tread depth of at least 3,0 mm shall be used by the following vehicles:
# passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR]
# vans
# special vehicles ≤ 3,5 t GVWR
# motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, quadricycles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Heavy_quadricycles_(L7e) heavy quadricycles] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light quadricycles]
# trailers towed by vehicles belonging in the categories mentioned above with a mass > 0,75 t and ≤ 3,5 t GVWR.<ref>liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180729#Pidp447158048 "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''3 luku, Liikennesäännöt, Jalan kulkeminen 13 § Jalankulkijan paikka tiellä ja heijastimen käyttäminen'', 10 August 2018</ref>
Snow chains can be used if the conditions make their use necessary and there is no danger for them damaging the road surface.<ref name="anti-slip devices">liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, [https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2018/20180729#Pidp446241152 "729/2018 Tieliikennelaki"], ''5 luku Ajoneuvon käyttäminen, 106 § Ajoneuvon renkaiden liukuesteet'', 10 August 2018</ref>
=== Studded tires ===
Studded tires may be used by cars, motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, quadricycles, heavy quadricycles and light quadricycles capable of reaching speeds greater than 60 km/h, and by trailers coupled to the aforementioned vehicles from the beginning of November to the end of March.
If a vehicle is fitted with studded tires and tows a trailer with a weight > 0,75 t and ≤ 3,5 t GVWR the trailer must be fitted with studded tires too.

When using studded tires on a passenger car or van, a special vehicle or a trailer with a weight ≤ 3,5 t, studded tires - with the exception of dual wheels - must be fitted to all wheels of the vehicle. The count of studs on each tire of the vehicle must not differ in a number that would create a dangerous difference in the level of the traction. The [https://www.traficom.fi/en/ Finnish Transport Safety Agency] may issue more specific regulations regarding the permitted difference in the number of studs of vehicle tires.<ref name="anti-slip devices"></ref>
== Headlights ==
The use of low beam (dipped) headlights is compulsory all day long, including during the daytime.
== Filling stations ==
Fuel stations are self-service in Finland. You fill up your vehicle and then go into an office to pay. You can pay in cash, and most of the times with a debit/credit card. Also card terminals built into pumps are becoming increasingly common. Some station chains have released mobile apps that allow refuelling and paying with a preconfigured payment card and/or Apple Pay. "Cold" 24/7 stations without an office only allow card and mobile payments.
=== Fuel types ===
# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Finnish: Lyijytön bensiini) Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings]are 95 and 98 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON].
# Diesel. The same name is used in Finland too.
# '''Be aware that LPG is not available as a fuel for cars in Finland.'''
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/finland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.
=== Fuel prices ===
A comparison of prices (as reported and updated by users themselves) as well as the exact locations of filling stations in Finland can be found on Tankille app (also known as Fuel Fellow) available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=fi.creosys.fuelfellow Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/fi/app/tankille-palvelu-polttoaineiden/id1114577529 iOS] devices.
=== Electric vehicle chargers ===
You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Finland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]
== Road user charges ==
There are no charges for using the roads in Finland.
== Urban Access Regulations ==
There are no restrictions for light vehicles in Finland. There are only restrictions for buses and garbage trucks in Helsinki.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Austria

2022-08-24T13:08:52Z

CostasAthan: Added citation about the validity of foreign driving licenses in /* Documents */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Austria] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Austria are presented in the table:<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011336 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Straßenverkehrsordnung 1960, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''Section II, § 20'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 130 km/h (80 mph)<ref group="note">In the motorways listed bellow a limit of 110 km/h applies between 10 p.m and 5 a.m. daily:
# Tauern motorway A10 in its entire length except Tauern and Katschberg tunnels
# Inntal motorway A12 in its entire length
# Brenner Autobahn A13 in its entire length
# Rheintal Autobahn A14 in its entire length</ref><ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011838 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkungen auf bestimmten Autobahnen zur Nachtzeit, Fassung vom 16.03.2020 "], ''§ 1'', 16.03.2020</ref><ref group="note">When air pollution is to high reduced speed limits to 100 km/h apply indicated by the label IG-L on the electronic boards of the motorways, bellow the speed limit sign.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with a light trailer (< 750 kg) || 50 (31) || 100 (62) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles with all trailers and a combined weight ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with all trailers mentioned in the data sheet of the vehicle || 50 (31) || 70 (44) || 80 (50) || 80 (50)
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with snow chains || colspan=4" | 50 (31) recommended
|-
| Motor vehicles and trailers with spike tires || 50 (31) || 80 (50) || 100 (62) || 100 (62)
|-
| Towing with a rope, a bar, a towing dolly or a salvage crane || colspan=2" | 40 (25) || 40 (25) to the next junction || 40 (25) to the next exit
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits should be carried along with the license.<ref>Holidays in Austria, The Official Travel Portal [https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/getting-there-around/by-car#driving-licence "Is my driving licence valid in Austria?"], 2022.08.24</ref>
# Car registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry a suitable warning sign (warning triangle). Motorcyclists are exempted from this obligation.<ref name="warningEquipment">Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 102'', 16.03.2020</ref>
# Drivers of four-wheeled motor vehicles are obliged to carry reflective warning clothing at all times. No such obligation exists for two-wheeled vehicles. These must be kept inside the vehicle and, when necessary (e.g. in case of an accident or a breakdown), worn when getting out of the vehicle. Appropriate warning clothes are, for example, jackets, overalls, trousers and blankets, which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) EN 471 or ÖNORM EN ISO 20471.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>
# A First Aid kit that is suitable for wound treatment must be carried in motor vehicles, and hence also on two-wheeled motor vehicles at all times. It must be kept in a robust dust-proof container and protected from dirt. The driver is responsible for complying with this regulation. The aforementioned attributes constitute the legal minimum requirement. There is no legal obligation to carry First Aid kits which correspond to Austrian Standard (ÖNORM) V 5101. However, it is recommended to carry such kits as they include all objects that are essential for primary medical care.<ref name="warningEquipment"></ref>

== Winter conditions ==

Between 1 November and 15 April, passenger cars and trucks with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.5 t may be operated in winter conditions such as snow-covered tracks, snowy slush or ice only if winter tires have been installed on all wheels.

As an alternative to winter tires, snow chains may be used on at least two driving wheels, however, these may only be used in case the road is covered by a complete or scarcely broken snow cover or sheet of ice.

According to the law, only tires which bear the following letters are regarded as winter tires: "M+S", "M.S." or "M&S" or with an additional or an exclusive snowflake sign (3PMSF). All-season tires may only be used as winter tires if they have such an inscription.
Special use tires are only regarded as winter tires if they bear the following letters: "ET", "ML" or "MPT".<ref>Oesterreich.gv.at, [https://www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/6/Seite.0631001.html "Winter Tyres"], 06.02.2020</ref>

=== Spike tires ===

Driving with spike tires is forbidden only in the summer months of June, July, August and September. A standardized spike sticker must be attached to the rear of the vehicle in a position that makes it clearly visible. Such stickers are available at motorist associations (ÖAMTC, ARBÖ).

Spikes may only be used in combination with motor vehicles [Kraftwagen] with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.500 kg. If the towing vehicle is equipped with spikes, the trailer that is being towed must also be equipped with spikes (up to a maximum axle load of 1.800 kg).

Spikes must be used on all wheels which transfer forces to the road surface. The tire's steel pins must not stick out more than 2,0 mm beyond the tire's tread and must settle tightly in the tyre in order to avoid damage of the road surface and of other vehicles.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 4 & § 58'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Headlights ==

There is no general obligation to switch on the lights during the day. However, a dipped beam is always required if visibility is impaired by rain, snowfall, fog and the like and at dusk and in the dark. Two-wheeled motorcycles (mopeds, motor bikes) have to be driven with a dipped beam or with daytime running lights at all times.

Lights may be used during the day if the driver so chooses.<ref>Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes, [https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011385 "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Kraftfahrgesetz-Durchführungsverordnung 1967, Fassung vom 16.03.2020"], ''§ 99'', 16.03.2020</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you have to pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card.

Some manned and all unmanned stations (which are not that common) have pay at the pump systems. In that case you can use a credit / debit card in the pumps payment terminal or even cash.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. 91 RON petrol is labeled as "Benzin". The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/austria/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/austria/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel stations locations and fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Austria:

# [https://www./#/fossil Spritpreisrechner.at] a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs].
# [https://www.oeamtc.at/spritapp/SimpleSearch.do?spritaction=showSimple ÖAMTC] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.oeamtc.android Android] (choose "Tanken" from the app's menu) and [https://apps.apple.com/at/app/%C3%B6amtc/id329772634 iOS] (again choose "Tanken").
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android. The app is available in English.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

[https://www.ladestellen.at/#/electric ladestellen.at], a website set up by [https://www.e-control.at/ E-control], funded by Austria's [https://www.bmdw.gv.at/ Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs] offers a list of the available chargers for electric vehicles and PHEVs, offering the capability of searching chargers by their connector's type.

== Road user charges ==

=== Toll Sticker (vignette) and Digital Vignette ===

All cars, motorbikes and camper vans up to 3,5 t mpw (maximum permissible weight) must properly display a toll sticker or have purchased online in time a digital vignette when they drive onto motorways (Bundesstraßen A or Bundesautobahnen) or expressways (Schnellstraßen or officially Bundesstraßen S).

As of now, the toll collection along the entire motorway and expressway network of Austria, which up until this point was uninterrupted, shall allow individual exceptions, at least temporarily. These exceptions shall enter into force in five sections as of 15 December 2019.

* the toll road A1 Westautobahn between the national border at Walserberg and the Salzburg Nord junction,
* the toll road A12 Inntalautobahn between the national border at Kufstein and the Kufstein-Süd junction,
* the toll road A14 Rheintal/Walgau Autobahn between the national border at Hörbranz and the Hohenems junction,
* the bypass bridges to be built on the toll road A7 Mühlkreis Autobahn between the Hafenstraße junction and the Urfahr junction (currently still under construction) and
* the toll road A26 Linzer Autobahn (currently still under construction)

Vignettes with periods of validity of 10 days, 2 months or 1 year are available. Prices can be seen in the following table:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vignette prices
! Type of vehicle !! 10-day vignette !! 2-month vignette !! Annual vignette<ref group="note" name="vignette">Annual vignettes are valid for 14 months, from 1st December of the previous year till 31st January of the following. for example 2020's annual vignette is valid from 1st December 2019 till 31st January 2021.</ref>
|-
| Vehicle with a maximum gross vehicle weight of up to 3,5 t || 9,40 € || 27,40 € || 91,10 €
|-
| Motorcycle || 5,40 € || 13.70 € || 36,20 €
|}

'''Note:'''
<references group="note"/>

==== Purchase and installation ====

If you are crossing borders and you are going to enter an Austrian motorway or expressway you have to have the vignette installed before reaching Austrian soil. You can get your toll sticker at [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/sales-outlets/ around 6.000 points of sale] (petrol stations, tobacco shops, driving clubs and ASFINAG toll stations).

Be aware that for the 10-day and 2-month vignettes the date of purchase must be punched on the sticker for it to be valid. If for example the punch day (Lochungstag) is 10 January 2020, the 10-day vignette is valid till and including 19 January 2020, midnight and the 2-month vignette is valid till and including 10 March 2020, midnight.

For cars attach the toll sticker in a visible location on the inside of the windscreen (ASFiNAG's suggestion: at top left or near the rear view mirror).

'''Attention''': Do not attach the toll sticker in the tinted section of the windscreen.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gujy8uhc3Q0</youtube>

For motorcycles attach the toll sticker on a clean and above all non-replaceable part of the motorcycle (e.g. a fork rod or the tank).

'''Attention''': A toll sticker attached to a luggage case or a motorcycle bag is not valid.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTD-LrxJPW8</youtube>

==== Digital vignette ====

You can buy a digital vignette from anywhere within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, abolishing the need to install the physical sticker, on ASFiNAG's [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/ webshop] and on the free ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS].

The digital vignette is linked to the car's number plate. '''As a consumer, you cannot use the digital vignette immediately after purchase, it is valid at the earliest 18 days after purchase. If you are an entrepreneur, this time limit does not apply to you.''' In other words: In order to have a valid Digital Vignette on February 1st (from then only the 2020 vignette is valid), you must purchase it online by 14 January 2020 at the latest. This only applies to consumers and not to companies / entrepreneurs.

You can check the validity of your digital vignette by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ validity check tool].

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSX_6IxXJRI</youtube>

=== Toll roads ===

There are certain motorways and an expressway which have tolls and a vignette is not needed between the individual toll stations, unlike elsewhere on motorways and expressways. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2878/asfinag_strecken_201801_streckenmaut_d.jpg map] with them marked in green is availabe following the link. These motorways are:

* A9 Pyhrn motorway: Gleinalm and Bosruck tunnel
* A10 Tauern motorway: Katschberg tunnel and Tauern tunnel
* A11 Karawanken motorway: Karawanks Tunnel
* A13 Brenner motorway
* S16 Arlberg expressway: Arlberg Road Tunnel

Here is the available payment methods:

# Directly at the toll station to the toll operator by cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or Maestro card.
# There are also lanes with toll processing machines at the toll stations, which again accept cash, credit card (VISA, Diners Club, Mastercard and American Express), fuel card (DKV, Esso, Shell, OMV, Routex, UTA) or debit card (Austrian Maestro card and German EC card) The machine accepts coins and banknotes (up to 20-euro bills), and it gives change. There is a button you can press if you would like a receipt. After paying using the toll processing machine remember to take your receipt! The toll covers your onward journey on the A13 within 24 hours in the same direction. One of the machines you may encounter during your trip can be seen in [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1345/sondermaut_8_mautautomat_520.jpg this picture], if you follow the link. In addition to the previous type of toll machines, there are credit card machines on the A13 Brenner motorway, the A10 Tauern motorway and the A9 Pyhrn motorway. They differ from the toll machines mentioned above, as they they do not accept cash. The lanes that take you to the credit card machines are marked in bright orange. At toll stations there are always on the left in the direction of travel. A [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/2834/streckenmaut_7_kreditkartenautomat_520-neu.jpg picture of credit card toll machine] is available by clicking on the previous link 
# You can also buy a video toll ticket that register's your vehicle's number plates. As soon you you enter a toll lane of your choice with the registered vehicle, the car number plate is identified, the barriers open automatically and you can pass through quickly without having to stop. There is also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1314/videomaut02.jpg specially marked video toll lane] that can only be used by cars without a trailer. The car must be no wider than two meters (wheelbase). By choosing the dedicated lane you save time by not waiting behind drivers who don't use the video system and have to stop in order to pay. Depending on the motorway there are tickets for 1 or 2 trips or even annual one's for daily commuters. If you plan to use the same motorway for for a number of times that would give a total greater than an annual ticket, then the annual ticket gives a cheaper option. <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUCdt-Q1as0</youtube> You can buy a video toll ticket:
## by visiting [https://shop.asfinag.at/en/produktkauf/product-selection/id/Streckenmaut ASFiNAG's webshop]
## by using ASFiNAG's app "Unterwegs", available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.asfinag.unterwegs&utm_source=landingpage Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/at/app/unterwegs/id453459323?mt=8 iOS] and
## At the OMV petrol station Brenner and Rest area Münster Nord you can buy a video toll ticket from a machine. The machines only accept credit and debit cards, not cash. https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/1346/videomaut-automat.jpg

The validity of your video toll ticket can be checked by using ASFiNAG's [https://evidenz.asfinag.at/en/ check tool].

The pricing of tolls in Austria is available on ASFiNAG's website: [https://www.asfinag.at/toll/route-and-digital-section-toll/route-rates/ Route rates].

Also a [https://asfinag.azureedge.net/media/4461/asfinag_strecken_201911_mautausnahmen.jpg map] with the roads where a vignette is mandatory (orange color), stretches of roads where the use of the vignette is exempted (blue color) and toll roads (green color) is available by following the link.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are restrictions that only concern lorries and heavy goods vehicles (HGV). As of today all the other vehicles can move into cities unrestrictedly and there are no any environmental schemes enforced that affect passenger vehicles in any city in the country.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with an electronic vignette road pricing scheme]]
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Monaco

2022-08-22T17:40:26Z

CostasAthan: Edited the link in the table at the top of the page in order to point directly to the relevant part of Wikipedia's article.

{{Meta country description}}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Monaco is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave#Semi-enclaves_and_semi-exclaves semi-enclave] of France. Make sure you also read traffic laws of the country of [[France]] before visiting Monaco.'''
|}

==Handedness of road traffic==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco Monaco] is a right-hand traffic country.
==Speed Limits==
The general speed limit in Monaco is presented in the table:<ref>[https://www.legimonaco.mc/305/legismclois.nsf/ViewCode/052CC77177D4F8A0C125773F002D6D79!OpenDocument "Code de la route,"], ''Titre - I DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES RELATIVES À LA CIRCULATION, Paragraphe - 2 Vitesse, Article 11 .- ( Ordonnance n° 9.615 du 30 octobre 1989 ; remplacé par l' ordonnance n° 1.334 du 8 octobre 2007 )''</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+General Speed limit in km/h (mph)
!Type of vehicle / Conditions!!Built-up areas (entire country)
|-
|Motor vehicles||50 (31)<ref name="urban_limit" group="note">The speed may be limited on certain sections of road to 30 km/h or even raised to 70 km/h as defined by the relative road signs.</ref>
|}'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

==Documents==

#You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in Monaco. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Monaco. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
#Registration certificate.
#Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
#All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Monaco must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.
==Items required in cars or with motorcycles==
#Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
#A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
#Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

==Winter conditions==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in Monaco.

==Headlights==
The use of headlights is not mandatory during daylight, except if conditions make their use necessary.<ref>[https://www.legimonaco.mc/305/legismclois.nsf/Code/E7C77C797E8652DAC125773F002D8227!OpenDocument "Code de la route,"], ''Titre - I DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES RELATIVES À LA CIRCULATION,Paragraphe - 7 Éclairage et signalisation des véhicules,Article 35''</ref>

==Filling stations==

===Fuel types===

#Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
#Diesel. In Monaco it is also called Gazole.

===Fuel prices===

A map of fuel station in Monaco :
#[https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Service-stations/Service-stations-Monaco viamichelin.com].

The average prices for [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/gasoline_prices/ petrol] and [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/diesel_prices/ diesel] can be found by following the previous links.

===Electric vehicle chargers===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Monaco on:
# [https://www.eafo.eu/fuel-map eafo.eu]
# [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

==Road user charges==

There are no any charging schemes for road use in the Principality of Monaco, neither tolls nor a toll sticker (vignette).

==Urban Access Regulations==

There are no restrictions for traffic based on vehicles' emissions level, air pollution level or any other restrictions in general.

==References==
<references />

Germany

2022-08-22T13:14:27Z

CostasAthan: Edited information about the validity of foreign driving licenses in /* Documents */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Germany are presented in the table:<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/StVO.pdf "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO)"], ''Article I, § 3'', 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 100 (62) || 100 (62) || No limit (Suggested: 130 km/h or 80 mph)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailers || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)<ref group="note">For vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t and certain trailers a limit of 100 km/h applies. You can check with the Trailer Industrie Verband e.V. [https://www.tiv-ev.eu/en/id-100-km-h-speed-limit-regulation.html if the limit of the 100 km/h applies in your case].</ref>
|-
| Visibility < 50 m || colspan="4" | 50 (31)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU/EEA citizens as well as citizens that carry a license that complies with the provisions of the [https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11 Convention on Road Traffic of 8 November 1968] (Annex 6) can use the license issued by their countries' authorities.<ref>Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection and Federal Office of Justice, [https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/Articles/StV/Roadtraffic/validity-foreign-driving-licences-in-germany.html "Validity of foreign driving licences in the Federal Republic of Germany"], ''Your driving licence is valid if your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany is temporary.'', 2022.04.04</ref> For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are recognized as well as official translations of the license.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# One refelctive jacket, regardless the number of the passengers. The vest can be red, yellow or orange and must comply with EN ISO 20471:2013 standard.
# Emergency warning triangle (Compulsory for vehicles registered in Germany, including rental cars.)
# First aid kit. (Compulsory for four-wheeled vehicles registered in Germany, including of course rental cars.)

== Winter conditions ==

In wintry conditions (like ice, slush or snow) vehicles < 3,5 t must be equipped with tires marked with the Alpine symbol (3PMSF) from 1 January 2018 on all axle positions. M+S tires produced before 1 January 2018 are accepted as suitable winter equipment until 30 September 2024.

Use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by the [[https://www.avd.de/fileadmin/content/Bilder/Unterseiten/Recht/Content/Verkehrszeichen-268.png Sign 268]] of the StVO during wintry conditions. Studded tires are prohibited.

== Headlights ==

Motorcyclists should drive with headlights on all day long.
Head lights must be on during night driving or if the visibility is impaired due to weather conditions. Low-beam should be used and driving in parking lights alone is prohibited.

== Filling stations ==

Pumps are normally self-service. After filling your car you pay in the shop in cash or with a credit / debit card. Be aware that some stations accept only Maestro cards.

Unmanned stations are not that common. Pay at the pump systems usually accept Maestro cards.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super Plus when it has a rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that characterize unleaded petrol refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded fuel. Big suppliers, such as Aral or Shell for example, offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in German)
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas, and Flüssiggas (Transliteartion Flousigas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/germany/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available by following the link at the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/germany/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Germany:

# [https://www.clever-tanken.de/ clever-tanken.de] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mobilesoftwareag.clevertanken Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/clever-tanken/id300763441?mt=8 iOS] and [https://www.windowsphone.com/de-de/store/app/clever-tanken-de/a4b6ca8d-f1e6-4850-ad03-a21b6390454a Windows Phone].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.braffdev.fuelprice Gas Prices (Germany)] also for Android.

A complete list of all the providers of fuel prices in Germany can be found on Federal Cartel Office's (Bundeskartellamt) website: [https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/EN/Economicsectors/MineralOil/MTU-Fuels/mtufuels_node.html Market Transparency Unit for Fuels].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Germany at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is not any road pricing system for passenger vehicles in Germany. There is only a distance based charging system for large goods vehicles > 7,5 t called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LKW-Maut LKW-Maut], so passenger cars and motorcycles can use the entire road network of Germany free of charge.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Many cities in Germany have low emission zones, where only cars that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter. Motorcycles can enter in the environmental zones unrestrictively. Cars get an emission sticker (German: Umweltplakette) that belongs to one of the three following classes:
# Class 2 - Red sticker
# Class 3 - Yellow sticker
# Class 4 - Green sticker
according to their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] they meet (if that's not mentioned in the car's registration, then the date of first registration is used instead of the class) and their type of engine (petrol or diesel) as shown in the following table:<ref>TÜV SÜD, [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england "Which sticker for which motor vehicle?"], Retrieved on 16 March 2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Emission classes and their respective stickers
! Euro Level !! Emissions Class !! First registration !! Sticker
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Diesel cars'''
|-
| EURO I or Pre-EURO I || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1997 || None
|-
| Euro II || Class 2 || From 1 Jan. 1997 to 31 Dec. 2000 || Red
|-
| Euro III || Class 3 || From 1 Jan. 2001 to 31 Dec. 2005 || Yellow
|-
| Euro IV || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 2006 || Green
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Petrol cars'''
|-
| Pre-EURO-I without catalytic converter) || Class 1 || Before 1 Jan. 1993 || None
|-
| EUR I and higher || Class 4 || From 1 Jan. 1993 || Green
|}

Cars that belong to class 1 don't get a sticker and can't enter in any of the environmental zones.
Cars that have a sticker can enter in enviromental zones according to the sign at their entry point. The sign may show:

# one sticker (green) and as a result only cars with a green sticker can enter in the environmental zone
# two stickers (green and yellow), so only cars with yellow or green stickers can enter in the restricted zone
# all three stickers allowing cars with any of the 3 stickers enter in the enviromental zone, banning only Class 1 cars that don't have a sticker.

In the following image you can see an example of the sign in the entry point of an environmental zone where all three class from 2 to 4 are permitted to enter, as well as on the right the sign that marks the end of the enviromental zone:

https://www.gtue.de/apps2/feinstaub/images/umweltzone.jpg

You can buy emission stickers at:
# [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/hauptuntersuchung/service-center-und-termin#/ TÜV SÜD Service centers] in Germany for 6 € including VAT or [https://www.tuvsud.com/de-de/branchen/mobilitaet-und-automotive/feinstaubplaketten/bestellung-feinstaubplakette-england/bestellung-england#iframe-a3511fe0-8baa-4e90-99c4-3e9816c2b93e order it online] for 5 € including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.tuev-nord.de/de/privatkunden/tuev-stationen/ TÜV NORD stations] or [https://www.tuev-nord.de/en/private/traffic/car-motorcycle-caravan/emissions-sticker/order/ oder it online] for 17,50 € for vehicles not registered in Germany including VAT and shipping cost.
# [https://www.dekra.de/de/standorte/ DEKRA stations]
# [https://www.atu.de/filialen/ A.T.U branches] for 6,99 € including VAT
# [https://www.berlin.de/labo/mobilitaet/kfz-zulassung/feinstaubplakette/shop.86595.en.php or order online for the city of Berlin] for 6 €. The shipping cost will be calculated before payment.

Be aware that if you buy the sticker in Germany you should do so before entering in any city's environmental zone, because cars without a sticker are not allowed to access any environmental zones at all.

The list of German cities with environmental zones can be found [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61 here], in the list on the left named "Low Emission Zone". By choosing a city you can find more info about it including a map depicting the limits of its environmental zone.

==== Installation ====

The emissions sticker is placed inside the windscreen of cars. Vision is least impaired if the sticker is placed at the top or bottom right or top left of the windscreen.

=== Emergency scheme ===

The city of Stuttgart has also a smog alarm (German: Feinstaubalarm). When the alarm is active people in Stuttgart are called not to use their cars wherever possible (as well as fireplaces that are not their main heating system) and instead use alternate options of transportation as public transport. For a full list of the alternative options check [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61/stuttgart-emergency-scheme here] the section titled: "Alternative transport options" after clicking the title for the text to expand.

The city of Stuttgart triggers a fine dust ("Feinstaub") alert when pollution is expected to be particularly high. You can check the alarm's status [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/widget/wider here].

You can also [https://www.stuttgart.de/feinstaubalarm/help/messenger subscribe] to get informed via [https://notify.me/ Notify] or [https://telegram.org/ Telegram] when an alarm is triggered.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Driverspedia:Country articles/Legal requirements and essentials

2022-08-21T23:18:40Z

CostasAthan: Added a rule in /* General editing guidelines */ about citing official governmental websites when referring to traffic code's articles.

Driverspedia's country articles aim to include all necessary information about driving in the respective countries in the fields of legal requirements to drive through a country without breaching any laws, as well as to provide advise about essential things like specific features of filling stations and regulations of urban zones with restricted access. 

Driverspedia only offers information about light vehicles (cars, motorcycles, campervans) useful for tourists and generally for people traveling by private means of transport. '''Laws and requirements for heavy commercial vehicles, buses and similar means of transport are out of the scope of the website.'''

== General editing guidelines ==

# Don't use copyrighted material. Copyrighted material can only be used under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use fair use] . With the exception of copyrighted material that its use falls into fair use limits, only contribute content (text and media) that are your own product or can be reused because of being licensed under a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free-content_licenses free-content license].
# Keep your writing as short as possible, including only necessary information (details may also matter, so whenever required include exceptions and other details) trying to concentrate as much information as possible in a short text.
# The goal is to provide high quality information with an exceptional level of specificity, so referencing of the respective traffic codes' provisions is highly recommended and necessary in the greatest possible frequency. Cite official governmental websites for this purpose.
# The use of visual material could be very useful and serve as an explanatory aid for the readers (for example for the way of use of an automatic toll payment machine), so use images to enhance readability and simplicity of the article.
# In the same manner images are used, also the use of links, both towards Driverspdia and external sources, is encourage to make articles both shorter and richer in content.

== Country articles' structure ==

Driverspedia's articles that offer the essential information about countries should have the following sections, separated by the respective headings:

# Articles that belong to the legal requirements and essentials' category should be titled by the common name of the respective country. At the start of the article the template <code><nowiki>{{Meta country description}}</nowiki></code> should be used and immediately after it, without leaving any spaces, the first heading should follow, as described in the following point.
# <code>== Handedness of road traffic ==</code> In a single sentence the side of the road where traffic drives should be mentioned.
# <code>== Speed Limits ==</code> The general speed limits according to the country's traffic code should be specified following the later format and rules:
## They should be presented in a table, with the first column representing the type of the vehicles (only light vehicles should be mentioned in the table) or the conditions, for example vehicles with studded tires or fog, and the rest of the columns the different types of roads in ascending speed order, starting from built-up areas and ending in motorways.
## First the official speed unit of the country should be used (in km/h or mph depending on the system of unit the country uses) and in a parenthesis the conversion to the other one with the fractional part dropped without rounding.
## For special conditions or exceptions either use a separate row or create notes by using <code><nowiki><ref group="note"></ref></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><references group="note"/></nowiki></code> tags like in [[Austria#Speed_Limits]] case.
# <code>== Documents ==</code> List all the documents drivers and riders should carry with them while driving and may should be presented to the authorities during a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_stop traffic stop]. Additionally, list any further requirements such as the need for the use of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code country of registration sticker].
# <code>== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==</code> Mandatory equipment (in most cases it is emergency equipment) that should be carried in cars and with motorcycles should be listed in this section. Recommended equipment can also be listed here, but with the explicit clarification that there is no legal obligation for drivers and riders to carry it with them.
# <code>== Winter conditions ==</code> In this sections laws about the use of winter tires and winter equipment such as snow chains should be specified, especially in countries where their use is mandatory.
## <code>=== Studded tires ===</code> Laws about the use of studded tires or their ban should be mentioned in this section.
# <code>== Headlights ==</code> Laws about headlights and especially if there is an obligation for them to be switched on during day-time should be mentioned here.
# <code>== Filling stations ==</code> The way refueling works in the country like if the stations are manned or unmanned, attended or self*service and the ways of payment should be explained int this section.
## <code>=== Fuel Types ===</code> The available types (for example petrol/gasoline, diesel) and subtypes (95 and 98 RON petrol, E5 and E10 petrol etc.) of fuel that are available in the country along with the local labels found at the pumps should be listed here.
## <code>=== Fuel stations locations and fuel prices ===</code> Websites and apps that provide live fuel prices along with the locations of fuel stations should be listed here. If there are official resources those should be included too and not only third party implementations.
## <code>=== Electric vehicle chargers ===</code> Websites and apps that provide EV charger locations should be listed here. Again, if there are official resources those should be included too and not only third party implementations.
# <code>== Road user charges ==</code> This section lists all the road user charging schemes of the country for light vehicles as subsections.
## <code>=== Toll stickers ===</code> If the country uses toll stickers (vignettes) general information regarding them should be put here.
### <code>==== Purchase and installation ====</code> Information about purchase and installation of toll stickers should be placed in this subsection.
## <code>=== Toll Roads ===</code> In this section information for toll roads of the country for light vehicles should be analytically explained. This information should include the way the system works (if the charges are distance based or fixed price for example) and the different options each lane at the toll plazas offer, for example manned booths, automatic payment machines, video tolls with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number-plate_recognition ANPR], as well as the payment methods for each option, e.g. cash, debit or credit cards, online payment in advance or after crossing the toll station or any other available method.
###<code>==== [Specific toll road] ====</code> If there are specific toll roads that have specific features they can be listed as a subsection of the previous category with the heading of the subsection having the name of the road. Alternatively, if there is a group of roads sharing specific features they can all be listed under a shared subsection, with an appropriate heading.
# <code>Urban Access Regulations</code> This section lists schemes and rules about zones of restricted access, usually in city centers and towns. Only schemes that affect light vehicles should be listed here. These schemes could fall in any of the following categories: emission based restricted zones were often stickers are assigned to vehicles according to their emissions level, zones with toll fees, pollution emergency schemes that are activated when air pollution meets certain levels. If a country implements more than one of these schemes the section can be divided to subsections, one for each scheme.

In countries in which more than one traffic codes exist in different administrative divisions, each division should have its own article, but in case there is part of the traffic rules regulated in nationwide level, these set of laws should be listed in the main country's article.

MediaWiki:Welcomecreation-msg

2022-08-20T18:49:39Z

CostasAthan: Added a note about reading the editing guidelines.

Your account has been created.
You can change your {{SITENAME}} [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] if you wish.

'''Please read [[Driverspedia:Country_articles/Legal_requirements_and_essentials|the editing guidelines and familiarize with the pages' structure]] before editing or uploading any files.'''

Greece

2021-11-13T16:56:44Z

CostasAthan: Updated info about the /* Small Ring */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece Greece] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Greece are presented in the table:<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 20, Paragraph 2'', 2012</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motorcycles with sidecar || 50 (31)|| 60 (37) || 70 (43) || 70 (43)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines ≤ 125 cc || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines > 125 cc || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars (<3,5 t) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars with light trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 90 (55)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. Licenses that conform with EU's model are accepted for EU citizens. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits (both of 1949 or 1968) are recognized.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

#Emergency warning triangle, which should be equilateral, with a minimum length of its sides of 40 cm and a minimum width of its sides of 5 cm and the enclosed area should be empty or light colored.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 81, Paragraph 16'', 2012</ref> Motorcycles without a sidecar are exempted from this rule.
# Fire extinguisher.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEiICErm5tbxndtvSoClrL8oc_Y0zxAXyV5MXD0LzQTLf7MGgcO23N88knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx9hLslJUqeiQ003Zm1vWvctGSDOjwQQakht3JHxsgaY9sTqiSiFEYyM. "Ministerial Decision 50292/3549/08"], ''FEK B 272/2009 '', 2009</ref> The rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. For cars a 13A 55B C fire extinguisher is required
# First aid kit. Again the rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. The minimum contents of the first aid kit include:
## One package of hydrophilic cotton 100 g
## Four boxes of sterilized gauzes
## One reel of medical fixation tape
## Four bandages
## Two hemostatic dressings
## One bottle with at least 200 g of alcohol
## One vial with at least 50 g of Mercurochrome

== Winter conditions ==

Drivers of vehicles who don't use winter or all-season tires (the use of which is not mandatory by law) have to use snow chains or equivalent equipment when driving on snow covered or icy roads, installed at least to 2 of the driving wheels.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 19, Paragraph 3'', 2012</ref>

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long.

== Filling stations ==

Employers of the stations are the ones who operate the fuel dispensers in Greece, filling the car with the fuel of your choice. You can pay in cash or by using a debit/credit card after you have your car filled and/or serviced. Self-service stations are very uncommon in the country.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Greek: Αμόλυβδη Βενζίνη | Transliteration: Amolivdi venzini) Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings]: 95, 98, 100 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON]
# Diesel. Same name is used in Greek, but also the Greek word "πετρέλαιο" (Transliteration: petreleo).
# LPG (AutoGas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/greece/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be found by following the previous link.
# CNG is available in a limited number of stations. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/greece/ list of CNG stations] can be found by clicking the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

A comparison of prices as well as the exact locations of filling stations in Greece can be found here: https://fuelgr.gr/web/

The information is also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jimdem.fuelgr Android], [https://apps.apple.com/gr/app/fuelgr/id1384310316?l=en iOS], [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/apps/fuelgr/9nblggh0gj9d Windows Phone 8], and [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/p/fuelgr/9wzdncrdq919?rtc=1 Windows 8/10].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Greece at [https://www.charging.gr/ charging.gr].

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in Greece have a toll system with toll plazas. 

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:
# Lanes with a sign depicting a white human figure in blue background: Payment with cash, debit or credit card to the toll booth operator.
# Lanes with a sign depicting a car and electromagnetic waves in a yellow background: Payment with the installation of an electronic transponder. This method is also available at lanes with toll booth operators, but for faster passage using the dedicated lanes is advised. Each motorway has its own device, but the transponders are interoperable across the entire motorway network of the country. Each road network applies its own commercial policy and any discount packages apply solely to the road network that provides them and only if the respective transponder is used. The list of the available transponders is the following:
##[https://www.myeway.gr/en/ eway pass] native for the [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/en/ Aegean Motorway]
## [https://www.aodos.gr/en/diodia-e-pass/i-want-to-become-a-subscriber/the-device/ e-pass] native for the [https://www.aodos.gr/en/ Attiki Odos]
## [https://www.gefyraepass.gr/en/login gefyra e-pass] native for the [https://www.gefyra.gr/en/ Rion - Antirion Bridge]
##[https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ O-pass] native for the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/ Motorway 8 (aka A8 or Olympia Odos)]. Motorcycles have to use the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ Moto card] instead, which can also be used to the automated payment machines described below.
## [https://www.fastpass.gr/index.php/en/ FastPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] from Athens till the intersection of Skarfia and [[wikipedia:Motorway_5_(Greece)|Motorway 5 (aka A5 or Ionia Odos)]].
## [https://www.kentrikipass.gr/index.php/en/ KentrikiPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] between the intersections of Skarfia and Karavomilos and [[wikipedia:Central_Greece_Motorway|Motorway 3 (aka A3 or Central Greece Motorway)]].
# Lanes with a sign depicting a hand dropping Euro coins in green background: Automated machine payments in 3 steps:<ref>Olympia Odos, [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/images/user/Entypa/OO_APM_Leaflet_ART_high.pdf "Automated Payment Machines"]</ref><ref>Aegean Motorway, [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/A5-leaflet-automates-plirwmes-ENGLISH-19-03-2015.pdf "Automatic Toll Payment Machines"]</ref>
## Step 1: Payment with coins (machines do not accept coins of 1, 2 and 5 cents), banknotes (only banknotes of 5 €, 10 € and 20 € are accepted) or at Motorway Α8 (Olympia Odos) also by using a Motor card for motorcycles. Olympia Odos automated machines also support contactless payments with debit or credit cards.
## Step 2: Collecting change in case there is any.
## Step 3: Receiving the receipt.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Small Ring ===

There has been an odd and even number plate scheme in Athens which is in effect between September or October and July every year. While the scheme is in effect, during dates of each month which end in an even digit, vehicles that have license plates which end in an even digit can enter in the restricted zone, while vehicles with plates ending in odd digits can enter in the zone during dates also ending in an odd digit.

The system is called Small Ring (Greek: Μικρός Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Mikros Daktilios).

Vehicles with foreign plates of Greek expats or foreign visitors are exempted from this restriction for the first 40 days of their stay in Greece. Electric vehicles, factory built CNG or LPG cars, hybrid cars and Euro 6 cars that emit less than 120 g of CO2 can also drive through the small ring unrestricted.

The restricted zone of the Small Ring can be seen on the following map:
https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1CugCAPCZAdRpXZgWfwuo4OE4IuM

=== Big Ring ===

There is also a wider ring called Big Ring (Greek: Μεγάλος Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Megalos Daktilios) which gets in effect with an order by the minister of the Ministry of Environment and Energy when pollution level has crossed a certain high limit. Big Ring goes into effect extremely rarely.

When the restriction is in effect traffic is banned within the limits of the Small Ring and in the area covered by the Big Ring the same odd and even number plates scheme is followed.

The same exemptions that are adopted for the Small Ring are also adopted for the Big Ring.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Greece

2020-11-04T18:48:56Z

CostasAthan: Correction of the numbering of the payment methods list in /* Tolls */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece Greece] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Greece are presented in the table:<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 20, Paragraph 2'', 2012</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motorcycles with sidecar || 50 (31)|| 60 (37) || 70 (43) || 70 (43)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines ≤ 125 cc || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines > 125 cc || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars (<3,5 t) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars with light trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 90 (55)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. Licenses that conform with EU's model are accepted for EU citizens. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits (both of 1949 or 1968) are recognized.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

#Emergency warning triangle, which should be equilateral, with a minimum length of its sides of 40 cm and a minimum width of its sides of 5 cm and the enclosed area should be empty or light colored.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 81, Paragraph 16'', 2012</ref> Motorcycles without a sidecar are exempted from this rule.
# Fire extinguisher.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEiICErm5tbxndtvSoClrL8oc_Y0zxAXyV5MXD0LzQTLf7MGgcO23N88knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx9hLslJUqeiQ003Zm1vWvctGSDOjwQQakht3JHxsgaY9sTqiSiFEYyM. "Ministerial Decision 50292/3549/08"], ''FEK B 272/2009 '', 2009</ref> The rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. For cars a 13A 55B C fire extinguisher is required
# First aid kit. Again the rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. The minimum contents of the first aid kit include:
## One package of hydrophilic cotton 100 g
## Four boxes of sterilized gauzes
## One reel of medical fixation tape
## Four bandages
## Two hemostatic dressings
## One bottle with at least 200 g of alcohol
## One vial with at least 50 g of Mercurochrome

== Winter conditions ==

Drivers of vehicles who don't use winter or all-season tires (the use of which is not mandatory by law) have to use snow chains or equivalent equipment when driving on snow covered or icy roads, installed at least to 2 of the driving wheels.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 19, Paragraph 3'', 2012</ref>

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long.

== Filling stations ==

Employers of the stations are the ones who operate the fuel dispensers in Greece, filling the car with the fuel of your choice. You can pay in cash or by using a debit/credit card after you have your car filled and/or serviced. Self-service stations are very uncommon in the country.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Greek: Αμόλυβδη Βενζίνη | Transliteration: Amolivdi venzini) Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings]: 95, 98, 100 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON]
# Diesel. Same name is used in Greek, but also the Greek word "πετρέλαιο" (Transliteration: petreleo).
# LPG (AutoGas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/greece/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be found by following the previous link.
# CNG is available in a limited number of stations. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/greece/ list of CNG stations] can be found by clicking the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

A comparison of prices as well as the exact locations of filling stations in Greece can be found here: https://fuelgr.gr/web/

The information is also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jimdem.fuelgr Android], [https://apps.apple.com/gr/app/fuelgr/id1384310316?l=en iOS], [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/apps/fuelgr/9nblggh0gj9d Windows Phone 8], and [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/p/fuelgr/9wzdncrdq919?rtc=1 Windows 8/10].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Greece at [https://www.charging.gr/ charging.gr].

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in Greece have a toll system with toll plazas. 

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:
# Lanes with a sign depicting a white human figure in blue background: Payment with cash, debit or credit card to the toll booth operator.
# Lanes with a sign depicting a car and electromagnetic waves in a yellow background: Payment with the installation of an electronic transponder. This method is also available at lanes with toll booth operators, but for faster passage using the dedicated lanes is advised. Each motorway has its own device, but the transponders are interoperable across the entire motorway network of the country. Each road network applies its own commercial policy and any discount packages apply solely to the road network that provides them and only if the respective transponder is used. The list of the available transponders is the following:
##[https://www.myeway.gr/en/ eway pass] native for the [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/en/ Aegean Motorway]
## [https://www.aodos.gr/en/diodia-e-pass/i-want-to-become-a-subscriber/the-device/ e-pass] native for the [https://www.aodos.gr/en/ Attiki Odos]
## [https://www.gefyraepass.gr/en/login gefyra e-pass] native for the [https://www.gefyra.gr/en/ Rion - Antirion Bridge]
##[https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ O-pass] native for the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/ Motorway 8 (aka A8 or Olympia Odos)]. Motorcycles have to use the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ Moto card] instead, which can also be used to the automated payment machines described below.
## [https://www.fastpass.gr/index.php/en/ FastPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] from Athens till the intersection of Skarfia and [[wikipedia:Motorway_5_(Greece)|Motorway 5 (aka A5 or Ionia Odos)]].
## [https://www.kentrikipass.gr/index.php/en/ KentrikiPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] between the intersections of Skarfia and Karavomilos and [[wikipedia:Central_Greece_Motorway|Motorway 3 (aka A3 or Central Greece Motorway)]].
# Lanes with a sign depicting a hand dropping Euro coins in green background: Automated machine payments in 3 steps:<ref>Olympia Odos, [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/images/user/Entypa/OO_APM_Leaflet_ART_high.pdf "Automated Payment Machines"]</ref><ref>Aegean Motorway, [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/A5-leaflet-automates-plirwmes-ENGLISH-19-03-2015.pdf "Automatic Toll Payment Machines"]</ref>
## Step 1: Payment with coins (machines do not accept coins of 1, 2 and 5 cents), banknotes (only banknotes of 5 €, 10 € and 20 € are accepted) or at Motorway Α8 (Olympia Odos) also by using a Motor card for motorcycles. Olympia Odos automated machines also support contactless payments with debit or credit cards.
## Step 2: Collecting change in case there is any.
## Step 3: Receiving the receipt.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Small Ring ===

{| class="wikitable"
| '''Currently due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 COVID-19] outbreak the Small Ring is suspended and people are encouraged to use private means of transport to minimize the spread of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 SARS-CoV-2].'''
|}

There has been an odd and even number plate scheme in Athens which is in effect between September or October and July every year. While the scheme is in effect, during dates of each month which end in an even digit, vehicles that have license plates which end in an even digit can enter in the restricted zone, while vehicles with plates ending in odd digits can enter in the zone during dates also ending in an odd digit.

Electric vehicles and Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles, regardless of the type of the fuel they use, are exempted from this restriction.

The system is called Small Ring (Greek: Μικρός Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Mikros Daktilios).

The restricted zone of the Small Ring can be seen on the following map:
https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1CugCAPCZAdRpXZgWfwuo4OE4IuM

=== Big Ring ===

There is also a wider ring called Big Ring (Greek: Μεγάλος Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Megalos Daktilios) which gets in effect with an order by the minister of the Ministry of Environment and Energy when pollution level has crossed a certain high limit. Big Ring goes into effect extremely rarely.

When the restriction is in effect traffic is banned within the limits of the Small Ring and in the area covered by the Big Ring the same odd and even number plates scheme is followed.

The same exemptions that are adopted for the Small Ring are also adopted for the Big Ring.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Greece

2020-11-04T18:45:28Z

CostasAthan: Updating /* Tolls */ section with information about the new e-pass nationwide interoperable system.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece Greece] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Greece are presented in the table:<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 20, Paragraph 2'', 2012</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motorcycles with sidecar || 50 (31)|| 60 (37) || 70 (43) || 70 (43)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines ≤ 125 cc || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Motorcycles with engines > 125 cc || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars (<3,5 t) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Passenger cars with light trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars with trailer || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 90 (55)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. Licenses that conform with EU's model are accepted for EU citizens. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits (both of 1949 or 1968) are recognized.
# Registration certificate.
# Roadworthiness certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

#Emergency warning triangle, which should be equilateral, with a minimum length of its sides of 40 cm and a minimum width of its sides of 5 cm and the enclosed area should be empty or light colored.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 81, Paragraph 16'', 2012</ref> Motorcycles without a sidecar are exempted from this rule.
# Fire extinguisher.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEiICErm5tbxndtvSoClrL8oc_Y0zxAXyV5MXD0LzQTLf7MGgcO23N88knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx9hLslJUqeiQ003Zm1vWvctGSDOjwQQakht3JHxsgaY9sTqiSiFEYyM. "Ministerial Decision 50292/3549/08"], ''FEK B 272/2009 '', 2009</ref> The rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. For cars a 13A 55B C fire extinguisher is required
# First aid kit. Again the rule applies to all cars and 3 wheel motorcycles. The minimum contents of the first aid kit include:
## One package of hydrophilic cotton 100 g
## Four boxes of sterilized gauzes
## One reel of medical fixation tape
## Four bandages
## Two hemostatic dressings
## One bottle with at least 200 g of alcohol
## One vial with at least 50 g of Mercurochrome

== Winter conditions ==

Drivers of vehicles who don't use winter or all-season tires (the use of which is not mandatory by law) have to use snow chains or equivalent equipment when driving on snow covered or icy roads, installed at least to 2 of the driving wheels.<ref>Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks, [http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/KOK_iNomoi_2012Feb.pdf "Greek Highway Code"], ''Article 19, Paragraph 3'', 2012</ref>

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long.

== Filling stations ==

Employers of the stations are the ones who operate the fuel dispensers in Greece, filling the car with the fuel of your choice. You can pay in cash or by using a debit/credit card after you have your car filled and/or serviced. Self-service stations are very uncommon in the country.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Greek: Αμόλυβδη Βενζίνη | Transliteration: Amolivdi venzini) Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings]: 95, 98, 100 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON]
# Diesel. Same name is used in Greek, but also the Greek word "πετρέλαιο" (Transliteration: petreleo).
# LPG (AutoGas). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/greece/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be found by following the previous link.
# CNG is available in a limited number of stations. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/greece/ list of CNG stations] can be found by clicking the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

A comparison of prices as well as the exact locations of filling stations in Greece can be found here: https://fuelgr.gr/web/

The information is also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jimdem.fuelgr Android], [https://apps.apple.com/gr/app/fuelgr/id1384310316?l=en iOS], [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/apps/fuelgr/9nblggh0gj9d Windows Phone 8], and [https://www.microsoft.com/el-gr/store/p/fuelgr/9wzdncrdq919?rtc=1 Windows 8/10].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Greece at [https://www.charging.gr/ charging.gr].

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in Greece have a toll system with toll plazas. 

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:
# Lanes with a sign depicting a white human figure in blue background: Payment with cash, debit or credit card to the toll booth operator.
# Lanes with a sign depicting a car and electromagnetic waves in a yellow background: Payment with the installation of an electronic transponder. This method is also available at lanes with toll booth operators, but for faster passage using the dedicated lanes is advised. Each motorway has its own device, but the transponders are interoperable across the entire motorway network of the country. Each road network applies its own commercial policy and any discount packages apply solely to the road network that provides them and only if the respective transponder is used. The list of the available transponders is the following:
##[https://www.myeway.gr/en/ eway pass] native for the [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/en/ Aegean Motorway]
## [https://www.aodos.gr/en/diodia-e-pass/i-want-to-become-a-subscriber/the-device/ e-pass] native for the [https://www.aodos.gr/en/ Attiki Odos]
## [https://www.gefyraepass.gr/en/login gefyra e-pass] native for the [https://www.gefyra.gr/en/ Rion - Antirion Bridge]
##[https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ O-pass] native for the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/ Motorway 8 (aka A8 or Olympia Odos)]. Motorcycles have to use the [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/en/operation/O-pass/ Moto card] instead, which can also be used to the automated payment machines described below.
## [https://www.fastpass.gr/index.php/en/ FastPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] from Athens till the intersection of Skarfia and [[wikipedia:Motorway_5_(Greece)|Motorway 5 (aka A5 or Ionia Odos)]].
## [https://www.kentrikipass.gr/index.php/en/ KentrikiPass] which is native for both [[wikipedia:Motorway_1_(Greece)|Motorway A1]] between the intersections of Skarfia and Karavomilos and [[wikipedia:Central_Greece_Motorway|Motorway 3 (aka A3 or Central Greece Motorway)]].

# Lanes with a sign depicting a hand dropping Euro coins in green background: Automated machine payments in 3 steps:<ref>Olympia Odos, [https://www.olympiaodos.gr/images/user/Entypa/OO_APM_Leaflet_ART_high.pdf "Automated Payment Machines"]</ref><ref>Aegean Motorway, [https://www.aegeanmotorway.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/A5-leaflet-automates-plirwmes-ENGLISH-19-03-2015.pdf "Automatic Toll Payment Machines"]</ref>
## Step 1: Payment with coins (machines do not accept coins of 1, 2 and 5 cents), banknotes (only banknotes of 5 €, 10 € and 20 € are accepted) or at Motorway Α8 (Olympia Odos) also by using a Motor card for motorcycles. Olympia Odos automated machines also support contactless payments with debit or credit cards.
## Step 2: Collecting change in case there is any.
## Step 3: Receiving the receipt.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Small Ring ===

{| class="wikitable"
| '''Currently due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 COVID-19] outbreak the Small Ring is suspended and people are encouraged to use private means of transport to minimize the spread of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 SARS-CoV-2].'''
|}

There has been an odd and even number plate scheme in Athens which is in effect between September or October and July every year. While the scheme is in effect, during dates of each month which end in an even digit, vehicles that have license plates which end in an even digit can enter in the restricted zone, while vehicles with plates ending in odd digits can enter in the zone during dates also ending in an odd digit.

Electric vehicles and Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles, regardless of the type of the fuel they use, are exempted from this restriction.

The system is called Small Ring (Greek: Μικρός Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Mikros Daktilios).

The restricted zone of the Small Ring can be seen on the following map:
https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1CugCAPCZAdRpXZgWfwuo4OE4IuM

=== Big Ring ===

There is also a wider ring called Big Ring (Greek: Μεγάλος Δακτύλιος | Transliteration: Megalos Daktilios) which gets in effect with an order by the minister of the Ministry of Environment and Energy when pollution level has crossed a certain high limit. Big Ring goes into effect extremely rarely.

When the restriction is in effect traffic is banned within the limits of the Small Ring and in the area covered by the Big Ring the same odd and even number plates scheme is followed.

The same exemptions that are adopted for the Small Ring are also adopted for the Big Ring.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Main Page

2020-10-23T13:00:43Z

CostasAthan: Added Monaco in the list of European /*Countries*/.

<seo title="Driverspedia, the start of your road trip" metakeywords="road trips, wiki, traveling, traffic code, highway code, tolls, vignette" metadescription="Driverspedia is a wiki that provides all the necessary information for people who love road trips to foreign countries." />
Welcome to Driverspedia, the wiki for those who love international road trips!
Driverspedia aims at delivering all the necessary information for traveling by car or motorcycle abroad your home country in a very organized and minimal way, making even a cross-continent trip easy.
Find anything you need for your road trip like information about toll systems, law requirements, fuel types etc., in one place without losing much time and without much effort.

Also everyone who wants to contribute register an account and join the effort!

==Countries==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Europe
|-
| [[Austria]]
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
|-
| [[Finland]]
|-
| [[France]]
|-
| [[Germany]]
|-
| [[Greece]]
|-
| [[Hungary]]
|-
| [[Italy]]
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
|-
| [[Luxembourg]]
|-
| [[Malta]]
|-
|[[Monaco]]
|-
| [[Netherlands]]
|-
| [[Portugal]]
|-
| [[San Marino]]
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
|-
| [[Switzerland]]
|}

Monaco

2020-10-23T12:55:59Z

CostasAthan: Created page about Monaco.

{{Meta country description}}
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Monaco is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave semi-enclave] of France. Make sure you also read traffic laws of the country of [[France]] before visiting Monaco.'''
|}

==Handedness of road traffic==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco Monaco] is a right-hand traffic country.
==Speed Limits==
The general speed limit in Monaco is presented in the table:<ref>[https://www.legimonaco.mc/305/legismclois.nsf/ViewCode/052CC77177D4F8A0C125773F002D6D79!OpenDocument "Code de la route,"], ''Titre - I DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES RELATIVES À LA CIRCULATION, Paragraphe - 2 Vitesse, Article 11 .- ( Ordonnance n° 9.615 du 30 octobre 1989 ; remplacé par l' ordonnance n° 1.334 du 8 octobre 2007 )''</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+General Speed limit in km/h (mph)
!Type of vehicle / Conditions!!Built-up areas (entire country)
|-
|Motor vehicles||50 (31)<ref name="urban_limit" group="note">The speed may be limited on certain sections of road to 30 km/h or even raised to 70 km/h as defined by the relative road signs.</ref>
|}'''Notes:'''
<references group="note" />

==Documents==

#You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in Monaco. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Monaco. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
#Registration certificate.
#Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
#All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Monaco must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.
==Items required in cars or with motorcycles==
#Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
#A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
#Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

==Winter conditions==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in Monaco.

==Headlights==
The use of headlights is not mandatory during daylight, except if conditions make their use necessary.<ref>[https://www.legimonaco.mc/305/legismclois.nsf/Code/E7C77C797E8652DAC125773F002D8227!OpenDocument "Code de la route,"], ''Titre - I DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES RELATIVES À LA CIRCULATION,Paragraphe - 7 Éclairage et signalisation des véhicules,Article 35''</ref>

==Filling stations==

===Fuel types===

#Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
#Diesel. In Monaco it is also called Gazole.

===Fuel prices===

A map of fuel station in Monaco :
#[https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Service-stations/Service-stations-Monaco viamichelin.com].

The average prices for [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/gasoline_prices/ petrol] and [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Monaco/diesel_prices/ diesel] can be found by following the previous links.

===Electric vehicle chargers===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Monaco on:
# [https://www.eafo.eu/fuel-map eafo.eu]
# [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

==Road user charges==

There are no any charging schemes for road use in the Principality of Monaco, neither tolls nor a toll sticker (vignette).

==Urban Access Regulations==

There are no restrictions for traffic based on vehicles' emissions level, air pollution level or any other restrictions in general.

==References==
<references />

France

2020-10-23T12:38:13Z

CostasAthan: Corrected small errors in /*Fuel types*/ and /*Fuel prices*/ sections.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in France are presented in the table:<ref>Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, [https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=C18B0D81747E389ADEF687F1B7F9EBB9.tplgfr38s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006177128&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074228&dateTexte=20200321 "Code de la route,"], Partie réglementaire, Livre IV : L'usage des voies, Titre Ier : Dispositions générales, Chapitre III : Vitesse</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Two-lane roads separated by a central reservation !! Motorways !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique Paris ring road (French: Boulevard Périphérique)]
|-
| Motor vehicles < 3,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit">This limit can be raised to 70 km/h on sections of road where local residents' access and pedestrian crossings are limited and are protected by appropriate measures. The decision can be made by the competent local authorities</ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads">On sections of these roads with at least two lanes assigned to the same direction of traffic, the maximum speed can be increased to 90 km/h on these lanes only. That decision can be made by the competent local authorities and has not nationwide effect.</ref> || 110 (68) || 130 (80) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Atmospheric precipitation of any nature || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 100 (62) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The limit falls to 100 km/h on sections of motorways where the limit is lower than 130 km/h on dry conditions.</ref>
|-
| In case of visibility < 50 m || colspan="5" | 50 (31)
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with studded tires<ref group="note">In traffic, the drivers of these vehicles must affix, visibly, at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left, the appropriate sign.</ref> || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Cars with trailers with a total weight > 3,5 t & < 12 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 110 (68)
|-
| New drivers with a license < 3 years || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (68) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The 110 km/h limit refers to sections of motorways where the speed limit is 130 km/h. For sections of motorways where the limit is lower for drivers with licenses newer than 3 years it falls to 100 km/h.</ref> ||| 70 (43)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in France. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union and of course in France. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
# A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
# Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

== Winter conditions ==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in France. Winter equipment is mandatory for vehicles driving on roads marked with the [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/France_road_sign_B26.svg B26 sign]. If the car is not fitted with winter tires the use of snow chains is mandatory in this case.

=== Studded tires ===

Vehicles < 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] are allowed to use studded tires from first Saturday before 11 November to last Sunday of March. The maximum speed limit for vehicles fitted with studded tires is 90 km/h. Vehicles with studded tires have to be labeled with a sticker at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. There is no such a requirement for cars, but it is recommended.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in France. Many supermarkets have fuel pumps, manned at certain times during the day. If you use a manned station, you fill up as required and then drive up to the booth where you can pay without leaving your vehicle in cash or with a debit or credit card, if you haven't already paid at the pump with your card. In unmanned stations you can pay directly by using a card. You have to insert the card before starting refueling your vehicle. '''Be aware that automatic stations block the whole amount of money that the pump can deliver to your vehicle's reservoir at one go and they unblock the difference of the actual value you have pumped later.'''

Lots of fuel pumps have a 24/24 sign that indicates that the station is in service all day long.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel. In France it is also called Gazole.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas or GPL in France. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/france/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/france/ list of stations that offer CNG] can be found by clicking the link at the start of this sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in France are listed here:

# [https://www.prix-carburants.gouv.fr/ prix-carburants.gouv.fr], an official governmental website.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://www.fuelflash.eu/en/ Fuel-Flash] website, also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mwwebwork.benzinpreisblitz Android]
# Essence&CO app available for [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/essence-co/id459724569 iOS]

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in France at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in France have a toll system with toll plazas. There are two types of tolls. A distance based scheme where you get a ticket when joining the motorway and you pay when exiting based on the distance you have covered and fixed price sections where you always pay the same rate and of course there is no ticket used for the calculation of the distance. There is also a barrier-free tolling system at Boulay on the Motorway A4.

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:<ref>The Association of French Motorway Companies (ASFA), [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/payment-methods.htm "Road toll in france: payment methods,"], 2020</ref>
# Lanes with a sign with person wearing a cap indicate a manned toll booth. Most of the lanes use automatic means of payment but manned toll booths still exist at some busy motorways. you can pay in cash or by debit or credit card at these lanes.
# Lanes with an electronic green arrow facing downwards take all methods of payment. You can use the automatic toll machines in the following simple steps:
## Insert the ticket if you received one when entering the motorway.
## Pay with coins (10 cents to 2 Euros coins are acceptable) and / or with banknotes (5 to Euros bills are accepted) or by using a debit or credit card. Visa and Mastercard as well as Maestro cards are accpeted in most of the cases, but it is a good practice to hold cash with you in case no one from your cards gets accepted for any reason, because the barriers won't open if the payment is not completed.
## By pressing the "Récu" button you can obtain a receipt. There is also a button you can press for assistance if you have any problems and you can communicate with an attendant through an intercom.
# Payment with the installation of the electronic transponder [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/ Liber-t]. '''The transponder is also valid for paying tolls in Italy, Spain and Portugal. Vice versa the Italian [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway Telepass] transponder and the Spanish VIA-T (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive] can be used for paying the French tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the Liber-t transponder.''' In order to use this method after installing the device and connecting it with a bank account you have to enter the motorway using the dedicated lanes signed with the letter "t". Vehicles with a height over 3 meters have to use lanes can't use the system and have to choose another payment method. Vehicles over 2 meters can't use the dedicated lanes for cars and have to use other lanes marked with "t".
# Specifically for the barrier free tolls at Boulay on Motorway A4 you drive under the gantry without even having to slow down. The payment methods are the following:
## You can pay each time you pass through the toll within 10 days [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/pay-online#/ online]. Transactions can take up to 24 hours to appear on the system, so you may wait 1 day till trying to pay. If you also pass the deadline you won't be able to pay.
## If you have the Liber-t transponder then the fee is charged to the unit.
## You can install a payment tag specific for the Boulay barrier-free toll and choose between a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/prepaid-pass#/ Prepaid Pass] option which is rechargeable and more suitable for occasional users or a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/subscriber-pass#/ Subscriber Pass] most suitable for regular users with monthly direct debit. In this case you will receive a payment request, with a €20 surcharge. You can pay by filling the following [https://www.sanef.com/en/payment-notice#/ form].

Calculation of toll fees is offered on [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/routes.htm ASFA] website, by filling the departure and arrival points in the respective fields.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There is a number of cities implementing low emission zones and restricted access zones some of which also apply to light vehicles, while others apply to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle HGVs] and vans. There are also emergency pollution schemes implemented by certain cities or departments of France. A list of all these schemes and the rules of its city can be found on [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/france Urban Access Regulations in Europe] website. There are plans for stricter restrictions in the future in some cities.

Drivers who plan to drive in a city that has a zone that affects their vehicle have to buy a Crit'Air sticker. These can be ordered online on the official website of the [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu Air Quality certificate Service] for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage or a total of 4,41 € for EU countries.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] it will be assigned a certain sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that they may not be able to access restricted zones according to its cities requirements.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CPuv9ZNjU8</youtube>

The following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vehicle Classification according to article L. 318-1 and R. 318-2 French road traffic act
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Crit'Air sticker || colspan="3" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="3" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

[https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/aide-certificat Instructions on how to affix the sticker] can be found by following the previous link and there are also available on video:

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWd0N_ip9EI</youtube>

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

France

2020-10-23T11:25:41Z

CostasAthan: Correction of spelling mistake in /*Documents*/ section. Correction of table's code in /*Urban Access Regulations*/ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in France are presented in the table:<ref>Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, [https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=C18B0D81747E389ADEF687F1B7F9EBB9.tplgfr38s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006177128&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074228&dateTexte=20200321 "Code de la route,"], Partie réglementaire, Livre IV : L'usage des voies, Titre Ier : Dispositions générales, Chapitre III : Vitesse</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Two-lane roads separated by a central reservation !! Motorways !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique Paris ring road (French: Boulevard Périphérique)]
|-
| Motor vehicles < 3,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit">This limit can be raised to 70 km/h on sections of road where local residents' access and pedestrian crossings are limited and are protected by appropriate measures. The decision can be made by the competent local authorities</ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads">On sections of these roads with at least two lanes assigned to the same direction of traffic, the maximum speed can be increased to 90 km/h on these lanes only. That decision can be made by the competent local authorities and has not nationwide effect.</ref> || 110 (68) || 130 (80) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Atmospheric precipitation of any nature || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 100 (62) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The limit falls to 100 km/h on sections of motorways where the limit is lower than 130 km/h on dry conditions.</ref>
|-
| In case of visibility < 50 m || colspan="5" | 50 (31)
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with studded tires<ref group="note">In traffic, the drivers of these vehicles must affix, visibly, at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left, the appropriate sign.</ref> || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 80 (49)<ref group="note" name="other_roads"></ref> || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || rowspan="2" | 70 (43)
|-
| Cars with trailers with a total weight > 3,5 t & < 12 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 110 (68)
|-
| New drivers with a license < 3 years || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (68) || 110 (68)<ref group="note">The 110 km/h limit refers to sections of motorways where the speed limit is 130 km/h. For sections of motorways where the limit is lower for drivers with licenses newer than 3 years it falls to 100 km/h.</ref> ||| 70 (43)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in France. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union and of course in France. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding an International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
# A reflective jacket that conforms with EN471 standard must be kept within the passenger compartment of your vehicle and must be put on before you get out in an emergency or breakdown situation. Riders of motorcycles should also carry a reflective jacket for emergencies.
# Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

== Winter conditions ==

The use of winter tires in not mandatory in France. Winter equipment is mandatory for vehicles driving on roads marked with the [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/France_road_sign_B26.svg B26 sign]. If the car is not fitted with winter tires the use of snow chains is mandatory in this case.

=== Studded tires ===

Vehicles < 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] are allowed to use studded tires from first Saturday before 11 November to last Sunday of March. The maximum speed limit for vehicles fitted with studded tires is 90 km/h. Vehicles with studded tires have to be labeled with a sticker at the rear of their vehicle, on the lower left.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. There is no such a requirement for cars, but it is recommended.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in France. Many supermarkets have fuel pumps, manned at certain times during the day. If you use a manned station, you fill up as required and then drive up to the booth where you can pay without leaving your vehicle in cash or with a debit or credit card, if you haven't already paid at the pump with your card. In unmanned stations you can pay directly by using a card. You have to insert the card before starting refueling your vehicle. '''Be aware that automatic stations block the whole amount of money that the pump can deliver to your vehicle's reservoir at one go and they unblock the difference of the actual value you have pumped later.'''

Lots of fuel pumps have a 24/24 sign that indicates that the station is in service all day long.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump SP95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel. In France it is also called Gazole.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas or GPL in France. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/france/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by following the previous link..
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/france/ list of stations that offer CNG] can be found by clicking the link at the start of this sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Italy are listed here:

# [https://www.prix-carburants.gouv.fr/ prix-carburants.gouv.fr], an official governmental website.
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://www.fuelflash.eu/en/ Fuel-Flash] website, also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mwwebwork.benzinpreisblitz Android]
# Essence&CO app available for [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/essence-co/id459724569 iOS]

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in France at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in France have a toll system with toll plazas. There are two types of tolls. A distance based scheme where you get a ticket when joining the motorway and you pay when exiting based on the distance you have covered and fixed price sections where you always pay the same rate and of course there is no ticket used for the calculation of the distance. There is also a barrier-free tolling system at Boulay on the Motorway A4.

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:<ref>The Association of French Motorway Companies (ASFA), [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/payment-methods.htm "Road toll in france: payment methods,"], 2020</ref>
# Lanes with a sign with person wearing a cap indicate a manned toll booth. Most of the lanes use automatic means of payment but manned toll booths still exist at some busy motorways. you can pay in cash or by debit or credit card at these lanes.
# Lanes with an electronic green arrow facing downwards take all methods of payment. You can use the automatic toll machines in the following simple steps:
## Insert the ticket if you received one when entering the motorway.
## Pay with coins (10 cents to 2 Euros coins are acceptable) and / or with banknotes (5 to Euros bills are accepted) or by using a debit or credit card. Visa and Mastercard as well as Maestro cards are accpeted in most of the cases, but it is a good practice to hold cash with you in case no one from your cards gets accepted for any reason, because the barriers won't open if the payment is not completed.
## By pressing the "Récu" button you can obtain a receipt. There is also a button you can press for assistance if you have any problems and you can communicate with an attendant through an intercom.
# Payment with the installation of the electronic transponder [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/ Liber-t]. '''The transponder is also valid for paying tolls in Italy, Spain and Portugal. Vice versa the Italian [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway Telepass] transponder and the Spanish VIA-T (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive] can be used for paying the French tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the Liber-t transponder.''' In order to use this method after installing the device and connecting it with a bank account you have to enter the motorway using the dedicated lanes signed with the letter "t". Vehicles with a height over 3 meters have to use lanes can't use the system and have to choose another payment method. Vehicles over 2 meters can't use the dedicated lanes for cars and have to use other lanes marked with "t".
# Specifically for the barrier free tolls at Boulay on Motorway A4 you drive under the gantry without even having to slow down. The payment methods are the following:
## You can pay each time you pass through the toll within 10 days [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/pay-online#/ online]. Transactions can take up to 24 hours to appear on the system, so you may wait 1 day till trying to pay. If you also pass the deadline you won't be able to pay.
## If you have the Liber-t transponder then the fee is charged to the unit.
## You can install a payment tag specific for the Boulay barrier-free toll and choose between a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/prepaid-pass#/ Prepaid Pass] option which is rechargeable and more suitable for occasional users or a [https://www.sanef.com/en/my-journey/boulay/subscriber-pass#/ Subscriber Pass] most suitable for regular users with monthly direct debit. In this case you will receive a payment request, with a €20 surcharge. You can pay by filling the following [https://www.sanef.com/en/payment-notice#/ form].

Calculation of toll fees is offered on [https://www.autoroutes.fr/en/routes.htm ASFA] website, by filling the departure and arrival points in the respective fields.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There is a number of cities implementing low emission zones and restricted access zones some of which also apply to light vehicles, while others apply to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle HGVs] and vans. There are also emergency pollution schemes implemented by certain cities or departments of France. A list of all these schemes and the rules of its city can be found on [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/france Urban Access Regulations in Europe] website. There are plans for stricter restrictions in the future in some cities.

Drivers who plan to drive in a city that has a zone that affects their vehicle have to buy a Crit'Air sticker. These can be ordered online on the official website of the [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu Air Quality certificate Service] for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage or a total of 4,41 € for EU countries.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] it will be assigned a certain sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that they may not be able to access restricted zones according to its cities requirements.

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CPuv9ZNjU8</youtube>

The following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vehicle Classification according to article L. 318-1 and R. 318-2 French road traffic act
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Crit'Air sticker || colspan="3" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="3" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

[https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/aide-certificat Instructions on how to affix the sticker] can be found by following the previous link and there are also available on video:

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWd0N_ip9EI</youtube>

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Switzerland

2020-06-22T13:07:27Z

CostasAthan: Corrected link's text in /* Car-free towns */ section.

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Switzerland] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Switzerland are presented in the table:<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html "741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art.4a Limitations générales de vitesse; règle fondamentale'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Vehicles with studded tires<ref name="744.11_Art.5">The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html#a5 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art. 5 Vitesse maximale pour certains genres de véhicules'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Passenger cars towing a trailer<ref name="744.11_Art.5"></ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old holding a full valid driver's license in order to drive in Switzerland. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are needed only if their license is not in any of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (French, German, Italian) or in English.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. If your vehicle is not insured in an EU/EEA country you should carry an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Switzerland must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle is compulsory for car drivers.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no legal obligation to install winter tires in Switzerland. In the case of an accident though, the driver may be found liable if the car is not properly equipped for wintry conditions. The insurance company may not cover the full cost of the damage or may even take action against the insured person for negligence.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/winter-tyres Are winter tyres compulsory?]</ref>

Snow chains required (metal snow chains must be applied to at least two wheels of the same axle; also applies to three-wheelers) when authorities make their use mandatory or when indicated by road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/CH-Vorschriftssignal-Schneeketten_obligatorisch.svg 2.48].

=== Studded tires ===

Studded tires may be fitted to motor vehicles, the total weight of which does not exceed 7.5 t, motorcycles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light motor quadricycles], motor quadricycles and motor tricycles, and trailers coupled to these vehicles. They can only be used between 1 November and 30 April and outside of this period, in the presence of winter conditions. A sign indicating the maximum authorized speed of 80 km/h, should be attached to the rear of vehicles fitted with studded tires.<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html#a62 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Troisième partie Exigences techniques, Titre premier Définitions et exigences générales, Chapitre 2 Propulsion, gaz d’échappement, niveau sonore, Art. 62 Restrictions d’utilisation, identification'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref>

== Headlights ==

Motor vehicles (cars, vans, trucks and buses) and motorcycles must have their headlights on when being driven during daylight hours. Exempted from this requirement are mopeds, e-bikes and bicycles, and vehicles that were registered before 1970. Anyone who fails to comply with the requirement to drive with headlights on will be fined CHF 40.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/traffic-regulations-switzerland/ Requirement to drive with headlights on during daylight hours]</ref>
As a result cars without [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp DRLs] should have their low-beam lamps alway turned on when driving.

== Filling stations ==

Many stations have pay at the pump systems accepting debit and credit cards like Mastercard and Visa.
In larger stations you can also pay in the shop after filling up the tank of your vehicle.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin, French: Essence sans plomb, Italian: benzina senza piombo). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are common at fuel stations. Big suppliers like Shell offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in all over Switzerland).
# LPG. It's also called: GPL, Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/switzerland/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available at the website linked in the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/switzerland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

A website that provides current fuel prices in Switzerland as well as the locations of the fuel stations is [http://www.benzin-preis.ch/en/suche benzin-preis.ch].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can search for electric car and PHEVs chargers in Switzerland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Swiss motorway sticker (vignette) ===

All vehicles (except vehicles over 3,5 t in case they are covered by the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-companies/transport--travel-documents--road-taxes/heavy-vehicle-charges--performance-related-and-lump-sum-/hvc---general---rates.html heavy goods vehicle charge - HVC]) using Swiss motorways and expressways need to have a vignette installed on the windscreen. The roads where the vignette is obligatory are shown on the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/motorway-charge-sticker--vignette-/points-of-sale-for-motorway-charge-stickers.html map] with red color.

Be aware that '''trailers''' with a total weight ≤ 3.5 t towed by a motor vehicle '''need their own extra vignette'''.

Only annual vignettes are available, unlike in other countries which offer vignettes for shorter periods of time at a lower price. A Swisss vignette is valid for 14 months, from 1 December of the previous year till 31 January of the next year. For example the 2020 vignette is valid from 1 December 2019 till 31 January 2021.

==== Purchase and installation ====

Vignettes are available from customs offices at the Swiss border as well as post offices, fuel stations, motorway service stations, and other retail locations. For 2020 its price is 38 € or 40 CHF.
[https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/motorway-charge-sticker--vignette-/points-of-sale-for-motorway-charge-stickers.html Points of sale for the Swiss motorway vignette] can be found by following the link on Swiss Federal Customs Administration's website including these online options:
* [https://shop.switzerlandtravelcentre.com/?affiliateId=285#/en/product/motorwaySticker Switzerland Travel Centre]
* [https://www.postshop.ch/shop/en/tours-travel/motorway-windscreen-stickers/motorway-vignette-2020/p/549526 Swiss Post]
* [https://shop.deutschepost.de/autobahnvignette-schweiz-2020 Deutsche Post]
* [https://www.adac-shop.de/vignetten/vignetten-finder/9078/schweiz-vignette-1-jahr ADAC]

In cars, the vignette must be affixed on the inside of the windscreen on an untinted area, so it can be clearly be visible from the outside and at the same time not obstruct driver's view of the road, for example near the top left or right corners. In the case of motorcycles and trailers, the vignette should be affixed to an easily accessible part of them which is not easily removable.

[[File:CH-Vignette-2020.png|400px]]

=== Toll roads ===

There are 2 toll roads in Swizterland: the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Tunnel Great St Bernard Tunnel] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt_la_Schera_Tunnel Munt la Schera Tunnel].

==== Great St Bernard Tunnel ====

The tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourg-Saint-Pierre Bourg-Saint-Pierre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais Valais] in Switzerland with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Rh%C3%A9my-en-Bosses Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosta_Valley Aosta Valley] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy].

[http://www.letunnel.com/datapage.asp?id=12&l=3 Prices for the tolls and available options] (like one-way or with return tickets, etc.) can be found in the tunnel's official website, by following the previous link. [http://www.letunnel.com/datapage.asp?id=13&l=3 Special offers] are also available, as for example electric cars
that cross the tunnel (until 31 December 2020) are entitled to a free return by presenting the one-way ticket within 72 hours of purchase. All the offers can be found by following the link to the official site.

The available payment methods are:

# Cash at both sides of the border.
# At the Swiss side of the border the following credit cards are accepted: American Express, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# At the Italian side of the border the following debit and credit cards are accepted: American Express, Aura, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# There are also 10 crossings and 20 crossings tickets with a discounted price valid for 2 years starting on 1/4/2019.

==== Munt la Schera Tunnel ====

The Munt la Schera Tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadin Engadin] valley with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_di_Livigno Lago di Livigno] close to the Swiss-Italian border and the Italian ski resort of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livigno Livgno].

'''The Munt La Schera tunnel only has a single lane. Traffic is regulated by means of a traffic light.'''

You can see [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/en/tunnel-livigno/opening-times.html opening hours] and [prices and different options] (for example one-way tickets or round-trip etc.) from 28 January 2020 to 30 April 2020, by following the links. Please note that Saturdays pricing is higher than the rest days of the week.

Paying option for the tunnel:

# You can buy the E-TICKET [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/index.php?id=121&L=2 online] saving time at the toll station. You have to choose if the ticket will be used during Sunday to Friday or if it is for a Saturday. Tickets are not refundable. If you arrive at the tolls with a Su-Fr ticket on a Saturday then you will have to pay the difference at the booth.
# You can buy the E-TICKET locally. Buying your ticket locally at the selling point you receive a return ticket without expiry date and you should keep it for your return.
# There is also EKW-Card for local population that offers discounted prices.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Geneva has adopted since 15 January 2020, with a grace period that ended on 30 March 2020, an emergency emission scheme, where only vehicles that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter in the [https://sitg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Minimalist/index.html?appid=c8eb7aefbc3546d0836b9cadc96e5eda&maponly=true&level=3 differentiated traffic zone] when anti-smog measures are in force.

Drivers who plan to drive in the city when anti-smog measures are in force have to buy a Stick'AIR sticker. '''Drivers who have bought the French Crit'Air sticker can also use it in the city of Geneva, because it implements identical classes of emissions.'''<ref>République et canton de Genève, [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/frequently-asked-questions#edg-1577104749349 Are the different pollution-related stickers used elsewhere in the world recognized in Geneva ?], 23 December 2019</ref> If you first plan to travel to France you can read about the [[France#Urban_Access_Regulations | Crit'Air sticker]] in the relevant Driverpedia's article. 
The Stick'AIR sticker is on sale at the counters of the [https://www.ge.ch/organisation/office-cantonal-vehicules-ocv Office cantonal des véhicules] for 5 CHF. Other points of sale will be added in 2020. Also you can [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu order the French Crtit'Air sticker online] which is also valid in Geneva for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage or a total of 4,41 € for EU countries.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] it will be assigned a certain sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that uncategorized vehicles are not able to access the differentiated traffic zone when any of the schemes levels is active.

You can determine which Stick'AIR sticker corresponds to your vehicle by visiting [https://www.ropag-data.ch/stickair2/i_stickair2.php City of Geneva's website about vehicles' classification] and answering the questionnaire.

Alternatively the following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stick'AIR Vehicle Classification
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Stick'AIR sticker || colspan="4" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="4" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

When anti-smog measures are active, between 06:00 to 22:00, only vehicles that have the corresponding Stick'AIR stickers according to the activation level can enter in the differentiated traffic zone. You can see the different [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/activation-levels-stick-air-scheme activation levels for the Stick'AIR scheme] by clicking the previous link. For example at "Warning level" only vehicles with an EV sticker or stickers of class 1, 2 and 3 can enter the city. 
Furthermore, when anti-smog measures are active, regardless of there level, a 80 km/h speed limit is imposed for roads that regularly have a higher speed limit. 
At entry points to main roads, a [https://www.ge.ch/media/site_pilote/files/resize/imce/entities/node/18396/panneau_macaron_oct-250x474.jpg special sign] indicates the Stick'AIR categories authorized to travel within the zone when the differentiated traffic measure is in force. 

You can stay informed about the current situation by [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/stick-air-what-current-situation subscribing to notifications via email] (in French) by the City of Geneva.

You can also see the pollution level in Geneva and at its surroundings by visiting [https://web.air2g2.app/ Air2G² app's web version] or by installing the App to [https://air2g2.app/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/google-play.png Android] or [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/apple-store/id1478246102 iOS] devices.

=== Car-free towns ===

Here is a list of car-free towns and areas in Switzerland (you can learn more about each one by following the links):
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/destination-en/getting-here/ Bettmeralp]
# [https://www.braunwald.ch/en/Information/Travel-and-Mobility Braunwald]
# [https://muerren.swiss/en/winter/planning-and-events/how-to-get-to-muerren/ Mürren]
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/destination-en/getting-here/ Riederalp]
# [https://www.rigi.ch/en/How-to-reach-the-valley-stations Rigi]
# [https://www.saas-fee.ch/en/saas-valley/about-the-resort/arrival/ Saas-Fee]
# [https://stoos-muotatal.ch/en/arrival-by-car/ Stoos]
# [https://wengen.swiss/en/winter/plan-your-trip/arrival-by-car/ Wengen]
# [https://www.zermatt.ch/en/arrival/Arrival-by-car Zermatt]

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]

Category:Countries by handedness of road traffic

2020-06-16T19:28:27Z

CostasAthan: /* Added color coded world map that indicates which countries drive on the right and which on the left. */

This category acts as a parent category for the subcategories that contain countries with right and left hand road traffic.

[[File:Handedness of road traffic by country.png|none|1000px]]
The map indicates which countries drive on the right side of the road ('''red color''') and which on the left side ('''blue color''').

File:Handedness of road traffic by country.png

2020-06-16T19:10:55Z

CostasAthan: /* Added more details in Summary section. */

== Summary ==
A map indicating which countries drive on the right side of the road ('''red color''') and which on the left side ('''blue color''').

Converted by an [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Countries_driving_on_the_left_or_right.svg SVG file] that was created and released to the public domain by Benjamin D. Esham ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Bdesham bdesham]).

== Licensing ==
{{PD-author}}

File:Handedness of road traffic by country.png

2020-06-16T19:00:38Z

CostasAthan: A map indicating which countries drive on the right side of the road and which on the left side. Converted by an SVG file that was created by Benjamin D. Esham (bdesham).

== Summary ==
A map indicating which countries drive on the right side of the road and which on the left side.

Converted by an SVG file that was created by Benjamin D. Esham (bdesham).
== Licensing ==
{{PD-author}}

MediaWiki:Licenses

2020-06-16T18:52:39Z

CostasAthan: /* Added public domain license for works released to the PD by their authors. */

* Your own work:
** Allow use and modifications as long as others credit you and share alike:
*** self|cc-by-sa-4.0|Own work, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
** Allow use and modifications as long as others credit you:
*** self|cc-by-4.0|Own work, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
** Reserve no rights:
*** self|cc-zero|Own work, release into public domain under the CC-Zero license
* Freely licensed:
** cc-by-sa-4.0|Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
** cc-by-4.0|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
* Non-free license:
** CopyrightByDriverspedia|Driversepdia images
* Public domain:
** PD-author|Author released their work in public domain
** Copyright expired:
*** PD-US-expired|First published in the United States before January 1, 1924
** Not covered by copyright:
*** PD-USGov|Work of a U.S. government agency
*** PD-text|Simple typefaces, individual words or geometric shapes
*** PD-textlogo|Logos with only simple typefaces, individual words or geometric shapes
*** PD-CH-CC 231.1-Art5|Works excluded from protection by copyright under Article 5 of the Swiss Copyright Act
*** PD-PTGov|Work of a government agency of Portugal

Category:Countries with left hand traffic

2020-06-16T18:36:58Z

CostasAthan: /* Added parent category. */

This category lists countries with left hand traffic.

[[Category:Countries by handedness of road traffic]]

Category:Countries with right hand traffic

2020-06-16T18:36:38Z

CostasAthan: /* Added parent category. */

This category lists countries with right hand traffic.

[[Category:Countries by handedness of road traffic]]

Category:Countries by handedness of road traffic

2020-06-16T18:35:38Z

CostasAthan: /* Removed wrong categories. */

This category acts as a parent category for the subcategories that contain countries with right and left hand traffic.

Category:Countries by handedness of road traffic

2020-06-16T18:32:04Z

CostasAthan: /* Added right and left hand traffic countries' subcategories. */

This category acts as a parent category for the subcategories that contain countries with right and left hand traffic.

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:Countries with left hand traffic]]

Malta

2020-06-16T18:30:25Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with left hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta Malta] is a left-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Malta are presented in the table:<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/Land-Licence-obtaining-your-driving-licence-Highway-code-eng.pdf-f911 "The Highway Code"], ''PART VII, 72. Speed Limits'', September 2001</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways<ref group="note">There are no motorways in Malta.</ref>
|-
| Cars and motorcycles || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || -
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Malta. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP) or a sworn translation of their own license.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. An International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is required for non EU registered vehicles' and would generally be a good option to be held by everyone.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Malta must display a nationality sticker at the rear.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

It is desirable that all vehicles should carry a reflective warning triangle. It should be used at any time of the day outside legal parking areas, in addition to the hazard warning lights if fitted. It should be set up 50 meters from the rear of the obstructing vehicle, on the same side of the road, 1 meter away from the edge of the road.<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/Land-Licence-obtaining-your-driving-licence-Highway-code-eng.pdf-f911 "The Highway Code"], ''PART VII, Breakdowns, 137'', September 2001</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

There is no obligation to install winter tires in Malta.

== Headlights ==

There is no obligation to use your vehicle's headlights during daytime, but if there is low visibility headlights should be switched on and in mist dipped headlights should be used and in addition fog lights if they are available.<ref>Ministry for Transport and Communications, [https://www.transport.gov.mt/Land-Licence-obtaining-your-driving-licence-Highway-code-eng.pdf-f911 "The Highway Code"], ''PART VII, Lights, 249'', September 2001</ref>

== Filling stations ==

There are both attended and self service fuel station in Malta. There are only very few fuel stations that accept card payments. Also pay at the pump systems accept only banknotes of a minimum denomination of 10 €. It is expected that by 2019 the number of stations accepting card payment would have rised.<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/more-petrol-stations-to-accept-card-payments.582127 More petrol stations to accept card payments], Times of Malta, August 27, 2015</ref>

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Maltese: Petrol bla comb). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are available with the later also named at the pumps as Super.
# Diesel. In Malta it is also called Dizil.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas and GPL in Malta. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/malta/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by visiting the previous link.

=== Fuel prices ===

The average prices in Malta of [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/gasoline_prices/ gasoline], [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/diesel_prices/ diesel] and [https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Malta/lpg_prices/ LPG] are available following the links.

=== Electric car chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Malta at [https://www.electricvehiclesmalta.eu/chargingstations electricvehiclesmalta.eu], powered by [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3978&docType=pdf DemoEV project], with Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure being the lead partner of it.

== Road user charges ==

There isn't any charging schemes for road use in Malta.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

Valletta has adopted the Controlled Vehicular Access (CVA) system in order to fight traffic congestion in the city center.

Controlled Vehicular Access makes use of automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR) technology and dedicated camera systems to monitor and photograph vehicles entering and exiting the CVA boundary.

The system then automatically calculates the time the vehicle remained inside the Valletta CVA boundary and finally computes the fee due for access and parking based on the tariffs issued by Transport Malta.

The boundaries of the restricted zone with the entry and exit points marked are shown on the map bellow.

https://secure.cva.gov.mt/images/en_cvaboundary.jpg

A road sign with CVA in white letters enclosed in a red rectangular background notifies drivers entering in the zone and the same sign striked out with the words "Zone ENDS" written under it marks the end of the zone.

Charges apply from 8:00 to 18:00 from Monday to Friday, but vehicles that enter after 14:00 are excepted. There are no charges during public holidays as well as on Saturdays and Sundays. Motorcycles and electric and hybrid vehicles also are not affected by the CVA system and can access the restricted zone free of charge. The [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Page/Tariffs tariffs and the penalties] for delayed payments are available on the system's official website by following the previous link.

You need to fill in your details using the [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Static/CVA%20Registration%20Form%20R1%20Final%20Specimen.pdf CVA form R1] which is generally sent automatically with your first bill or by downloading and filling in the CVA form R2. You may also request a copy of the CVA form R2 via the CVA call centre.

Once filled in, the form has to be signed and sent back together with a photocopy of your ID card/passport. After your form has been processed the online access will be activated automatically. For SMS notifications, only one mobile phone may be associated with a particular vehicle. A charge of €0.05 per notification SMS applies to cover the basic operational costs but otherwise the subscription is free.

Available payment methods are:

# Payment by post (via cheque)
# Payment at the CVA office in Marsa (during dedicated office hours). '''Contact Details:''' CVA Technology Company Ltd No. 83 Winemakers Wharf Marsa '''Email:''' info@cva.gov.mt '''Telephone number:''' +356 2206 4000 '''Opening Hours''' Mon – Fri 8am-6pm Saturday 8am-1pm
# Payment at the Valletta local council.
# Payment through the [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/BillsAndPhotos/Pay CVA website] via debit / credit cards. You can also register to pay your bills by [https://secure.cva.gov.mt/Static/CVA%20Delegation%20of%20Authority%20D2%20Final.pdf Direct Debit]. If you pay your bill before the invoice is issued at the beginning of each month, you will be given a 10% discount.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with left hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Switzerland

2020-06-16T18:29:20Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Switzerland] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Switzerland are presented in the table:<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html "741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art.4a Limitations générales de vitesse; règle fondamentale'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle / Conditions !! Built-up areas !! Rural !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Vehicles with studded tires<ref name="744.11_Art.5">The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html#a5 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Partie 1 Règles de circulation, Chapitre 1 Règles générales, Art. 5 Vitesse maximale pour certains genres de véhicules'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Passenger cars towing a trailer<ref name="744.11_Art.5"></ref> || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old holding a full valid driver's license in order to drive in Switzerland. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are needed only if their license is not in any of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (French, German, Italian) or in English.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. If your vehicle is not insured in an EU/EEA country you should carry an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in Switzerland must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle is compulsory for car drivers.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no legal obligation to install winter tires in Switzerland. In the case of an accident though, the driver may be found liable if the car is not properly equipped for wintry conditions. The insurance company may not cover the full cost of the damage or may even take action against the insured person for negligence.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/winter-tyres Are winter tyres compulsory?]</ref>

Snow chains required (metal snow chains must be applied to at least two wheels of the same axle; also applies to three-wheelers) when authorities make their use mandatory or when indicated by road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/CH-Vorschriftssignal-Schneeketten_obligatorisch.svg 2.48].

=== Studded tires ===

Studded tires may be fitted to motor vehicles, the total weight of which does not exceed 7.5 t, motorcycles, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification)#Light_quadricycles_(L6e) light motor quadricycles], motor quadricycles and motor tricycles, and trailers coupled to these vehicles. They can only be used between 1 November and 30 April and outside of this period, in the presence of winter conditions. A sign indicating the maximum authorized speed of 80 km/h, should be attached to the rear of vehicles fitted with studded tires.<ref>The Swiss Federal Council, [https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19620246/index.html#a62 741.11 Ordonnance sur les règles de la circulation routière"], ''Troisième partie Exigences techniques, Titre premier Définitions et exigences générales, Chapitre 2 Propulsion, gaz d’échappement, niveau sonore, Art. 62 Restrictions d’utilisation, identification'', November 13, 1962 (as of February 1, 2019)</ref>

== Headlights ==

Motor vehicles (cars, vans, trucks and buses) and motorcycles must have their headlights on when being driven during daylight hours. Exempted from this requirement are mopeds, e-bikes and bicycles, and vehicles that were registered before 1970. Anyone who fails to comply with the requirement to drive with headlights on will be fined CHF 40.<ref>The Swiss Authorities Online, [https://www.ch.ch/en/traffic-regulations-switzerland/ Requirement to drive with headlights on during daylight hours]</ref>
As a result cars without [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp DRLs] should have their low-beam lamps alway turned on when driving.

== Filling stations ==

Many stations have pay at the pump systems accepting debit and credit cards like Mastercard and Visa.
In larger stations you can also pay in the shop after filling up the tank of your vehicle.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin, French: Essence sans plomb, Italian: benzina senza piombo). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are common at fuel stations. Big suppliers like Shell offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in all over Switzerland).
# LPG. It's also called: GPL, Autogas. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/switzerland/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available at the website linked in the start of the sentence.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/switzerland/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

A website that provides current fuel prices in Switzerland as well as the locations of the fuel stations is [http://www.benzin-preis.ch/en/suche benzin-preis.ch].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can search for electric car and PHEVs chargers in Switzerland at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Swiss motorway sticker (vignette) ===

All vehicles (except vehicles over 3,5 t in case they are covered by the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-companies/transport--travel-documents--road-taxes/heavy-vehicle-charges--performance-related-and-lump-sum-/hvc---general---rates.html heavy goods vehicle charge - HVC]) using Swiss motorways and expressways need to have a vignette installed on the windscreen. The roads where the vignette is obligatory are shown on the [https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/motorway-charge-sticker--vignette-/points-of-sale-for-motorway-charge-stickers.html map] with red color.

Be aware that '''trailers''' with a total weight ≤ 3.5 t towed by a motor vehicle '''need their own extra vignette'''.

Only annual vignettes are available, unlike in other countries which offer vignettes for shorter periods of time at a lower price. A Swisss vignette is valid for 14 months, from 1 December of the previous year till 31 January of the next year. For example the 2020 vignette is valid from 1 December 2019 till 31 January 2021.

==== Purchase and installation ====

Vignettes are available from customs offices at the Swiss border as well as post offices, fuel stations, motorway service stations, and other retail locations. For 2020 its price is 38 € or 40 CHF.
[https://www.ezv.admin.ch/ezv/en/home/information-individuals/documents-for-travellers-and-road-taxes/motorway-charge-sticker--vignette-/points-of-sale-for-motorway-charge-stickers.html Points of sale for the Swiss motorway vignette] can be found by following the link on Swiss Federal Customs Administration's website including these online options:
* [https://shop.switzerlandtravelcentre.com/?affiliateId=285#/en/product/motorwaySticker Switzerland Travel Centre]
* [https://www.postshop.ch/shop/en/tours-travel/motorway-windscreen-stickers/motorway-vignette-2020/p/549526 Swiss Post]
* [https://shop.deutschepost.de/autobahnvignette-schweiz-2020 Deutsche Post]
* [https://www.adac-shop.de/vignetten/vignetten-finder/9078/schweiz-vignette-1-jahr ADAC]

In cars, the vignette must be affixed on the inside of the windscreen on an untinted area, so it can be clearly be visible from the outside and at the same time not obstruct driver's view of the road, for example near the top left or right corners. In the case of motorcycles and trailers, the vignette should be affixed to an easily accessible part of them which is not easily removable.

[[File:CH-Vignette-2020.png|400px]]

=== Toll roads ===

There are 2 toll roads in Swizterland: the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Tunnel Great St Bernard Tunnel] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt_la_Schera_Tunnel Munt la Schera Tunnel].

==== Great St Bernard Tunnel ====

The tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourg-Saint-Pierre Bourg-Saint-Pierre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais Valais] in Switzerland with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Rh%C3%A9my-en-Bosses Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosta_Valley Aosta Valley] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy].

[http://www.letunnel.com/datapage.asp?id=12&l=3 Prices for the tolls and available options] (like one-way or with return tickets, etc.) can be found in the tunnel's official website, by following the previous link. [http://www.letunnel.com/datapage.asp?id=13&l=3 Special offers] are also available, as for example electric cars
that cross the tunnel (until 31 December 2020) are entitled to a free return by presenting the one-way ticket within 72 hours of purchase. All the offers can be found by following the link to the official site.

The available payment methods are:

# Cash at both sides of the border.
# At the Swiss side of the border the following credit cards are accepted: American Express, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# At the Italian side of the border the following debit and credit cards are accepted: American Express, Aura, Diners Club International, MasterCard and Visa.
# There are also 10 crossings and 20 crossings tickets with a discounted price valid for 2 years starting on 1/4/2019.

==== Munt la Schera Tunnel ====

The Munt la Schera Tunnel connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadin Engadin] valley with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_di_Livigno Lago di Livigno] close to the Swiss-Italian border and the Italian ski resort of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livigno Livgno].

'''The Munt La Schera tunnel only has a single lane. Traffic is regulated by means of a traffic light.'''

You can see [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/en/tunnel-livigno/opening-times.html opening hours] and [prices and different options] (for example one-way tickets or round-trip etc.) from 28 January 2020 to 30 April 2020, by following the links. Please note that Saturdays pricing is higher than the rest days of the week.

Paying option for the tunnel:

# You can buy the E-TICKET [https://www.ekwstrom.ch/index.php?id=121&L=2 online] saving time at the toll station. You have to choose if the ticket will be used during Sunday to Friday or if it is for a Saturday. Tickets are not refundable. If you arrive at the tolls with a Su-Fr ticket on a Saturday then you will have to pay the difference at the booth.
# You can buy the E-TICKET locally. Buying your ticket locally at the selling point you receive a return ticket without expiry date and you should keep it for your return.
# There is also EKW-Card for local population that offers discounted prices.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Environmental stickers ===

Geneva has adopted since 15 January 2020, with a grace period that ended on 30 March 2020, an emergency emission scheme, where only vehicles that belong to certain emissions groups are allowed to enter in the [https://sitg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Minimalist/index.html?appid=c8eb7aefbc3546d0836b9cadc96e5eda&maponly=true&level=3 differentiated traffic zone] when anti-smog measures are in force.

Drivers who plan to drive in the city when anti-smog measures are in force have to buy a Stick'AIR sticker. '''Drivers who have bought the French Crit'Air sticker can also use it in the city of Geneva, because it implements identical classes of emissions.'''<ref>République et canton de Genève, [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/frequently-asked-questions#edg-1577104749349 Are the different pollution-related stickers used elsewhere in the world recognized in Geneva ?], 23 December 2019</ref> If you first plan to travel to France you can read about the [[France#Urban_Access_Regulations | Crit'Air sticker]] in the relevant Driverpedia's article. 
The Stick'AIR sticker is on sale at the counters of the [https://www.ge.ch/organisation/office-cantonal-vehicules-ocv Office cantonal des véhicules] for 5 CHF. Other points of sale will be added in 2020. Also you can [https://www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/en/demande-ext/cgu order the French Crtit'Air sticker online] which is also valid in Geneva for a cost of 3,11 € plus postage or a total of 4,41 € for EU countries.

According to the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars Euro emission standard] it will be assigned a certain sticker from one of the classes 1 to 5. Class 1 stickers are given to vehicles with lower emissions while Class 5 to vehicles with higher emissions. There is a special class for electric vehicles and there is no sticker for cars and motorcycles of Euro 1 standard or even older vehicles, meaning that uncategorized vehicles are not able to access the differentiated traffic zone when any of the schemes levels is active.

You can determine which Stick'AIR sticker corresponds to your vehicle by visiting [https://www.ropag-data.ch/stickair2/i_stickair2.php City of Geneva's website about vehicles' classification] and answering the questionnaire.

Alternatively the following table presents the classes of the stickers and the vehicles to which they are assigned:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stick'AIR Vehicle Classification
! Class !! Motorcycles, tricycles and quads !! colspan="2" | Cars and vans
|-
| || || '''Petrol''' || '''Diesel'''
|-
| Green Stick'AIR sticker || colspan="4" | Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="4" | Gas vehicles and PHEV (plug in hybrid)
|-
| '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2017 for motorcycles 1 January 2018 for mopeds || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011 || -
|-
| 2 || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for motorcycles to 31 December 2017 for mopeds || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 || '''Euro 5 and 6''' From 1 January 2011
|-
| 3 || '''Euro 2''' 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006 || '''Euro 2 and 3''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2005 || '''Euro 4''' 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010
|-
| 4 || '''Without norm''' 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2004 || - || '''Euro 3''' 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005
|-
| 5 || - || - || '''Euro 2''' 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2000
|-
| No sticker || '''Without norm''' Until 31 May 2000 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997 || '''Euro 1 and before''' Until 31 December 1996 Vans until 30 September 1997
|}

When anti-smog measures are active, between 06:00 to 22:00, only vehicles that have the corresponding Stick'AIR stickers according to the activation level can enter in the differentiated traffic zone. You can see the different [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/activation-levels-stick-air-scheme activation levels for the Stick'AIR scheme] by clicking the previous link. For example at "Warning level" only vehicles with an EV sticker or stickers of class 1, 2 and 3 can enter the city. 
Furthermore, when anti-smog measures are active, regardless of there level, a 80 km/h speed limit is imposed for roads that regularly have a higher speed limit. 
At entry points to main roads, a [https://www.ge.ch/media/site_pilote/files/resize/imce/entities/node/18396/panneau_macaron_oct-250x474.jpg special sign] indicates the Stick'AIR categories authorized to travel within the zone when the differentiated traffic measure is in force. 

You can stay informed about the current situation by [https://www.ge.ch/en/stick-air-and-differentiated-traffic-scheme/stick-air-what-current-situation subscribing to notifications via email] (in French) by the City of Geneva.

You can also see the pollution level in Geneva and at its surroundings by visiting [https://web.air2g2.app/ Air2G² app's web version] or by installing the App to [https://air2g2.app/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/google-play.png Android] or [https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/apple-store/id1478246102 iOS] devices.

=== Car-free towns ===

Here is a list of car-free towns and areas in Switzerland (you can learn more about each one by following the links):
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/destination-en/getting-here/ Bettmeralp]
# [https://www.braunwald.ch/en/Information/Travel-and-Mobility Search Results Braunwald]
# [https://muerren.swiss/en/winter/planning-and-events/how-to-get-to-muerren/ Mürren]
# [https://www.aletscharena.ch/destination-en/getting-here/ Riederalp]
# [https://www.rigi.ch/en/How-to-reach-the-valley-stations Rigi]
# [https://www.saas-fee.ch/en/saas-valley/about-the-resort/arrival/ Saas-Fee]
# [https://stoos-muotatal.ch/en/arrival-by-car/ Stoos]
# [https://wengen.swiss/en/winter/plan-your-trip/arrival-by-car/ Wengen]
# [https://www.zermatt.ch/en/arrival/Arrival-by-car Zermatt]

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]

Slovakia

2020-06-16T18:28:31Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia Slovakia] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Slovakia are presented in the following table:<ref>Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2009/8/20200409#paragraf-16 "Zákon č. 8/2009 Z. z., Zákon o cestnej premávke a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov"], 'Čl. I, DRUHÁ ČASŤ - PRAVIDLÁ CESTNEJ PREMÁVKY, DRUHÁ HLAVA - JAZDA VOZIDLAMI, Jazda v mimoriadnych prípadoch, § 16 - Rýchlosť jazdy'', 09.04.2020</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Expressways and Motorways within built-up areas !! Expressways and Motorways
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || 130 km/h (80 mph)
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t GVWR with a trailer > 750 kg [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_trailer_weight_rating GTWR] || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || 90 km/h (55 mph)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. EU, EEA and Switzerland's citizens can use the license issued by their countries. Citizens of other countries should carry an International Driving Permits.
# Car registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Carrying an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is a good idea even for EU / EEA citizens. At least third party coverage is required.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Warning triangle. All [https://www.eafo.eu/knowledge-center/european-vehicle-categories category M vehicles] (passenger cars are part of this category) should be equipped with a warning triangle.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-1.pismeno-a "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (1), a)'', 31.08.2020</ref> The driver of the vehicle is obliged to use the warning triangle during an emergency stop, especially in the event of a vehicle break down or an accident. The driver is obliged to place the triangle on the edge of the road so other road users can react in time, at a distance of at least 50 m behind the vehicle and on the highway at least 100 m behind the vehicle. In built-up areas this distance may be shorter depending on the specific conditions and circumstances. The driver should also use the vehicle's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting#Hazard_warning_signal hazard warning lights] at least till they have placed the warning triangle on the road behind their vehicle.<ref>Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2009/8/20200409#paragraf-24.odsek-3 "Zákon č. 8/2009 Z. z., Zákon o cestnej premávke a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov"], 'Čl. I, DRUHÁ ČASŤ - PRAVIDLÁ CESTNEJ PREMÁVKY, DRUHÁ HLAVA - JAZDA VOZIDLAMI, Zastavenie a státie, § 24 (3)'', 09.04.2020</ref>
# Safety reflective clothing, for example a vest, overalls, trousers, a jacket or a raincoat. Safety reflective clothing should be placed within reach of the driver's seat for every category M vehicle.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-1.pismeno-b "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (1), b)'', 31.08.2020</ref>
# Spare wheel plus the tools for its installation ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lug_wrench lug wrench] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device) jack]) are mandatory for all category M vehicles.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-1.pismeno-c "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (1), c)'', 31.08.2020</ref> Vehicles which are equipped with a tire repair kit are excluded from this obligation.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-2.pismeno-b "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (2), b)'', 31.08.2020</ref>
#First aid kit. Vehicles of M category as well as of categories [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_category#EU_classification L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e] should be equipped with a first aid kit that fulfills the standards mentioned in [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/prilohy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/20200101_5183701-2.pdf Príloha č. 2 k vyhláške č. 134/2018 Z. z.] (text in Slovak) for vehicles registered in Slovakia<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-1.pismeno-d "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (1), d)'', 31.08.2020</ref> or for vehicles registered in other EU member states a first aid kit that fulfills the country of registration standards.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-25.odsek-4 "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Povinná výbava vozidla, § 25, (4)'', 31.08.2020</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

If there is a continuous layer of snow or ice on the road, the drivers of motor vehicles of [https://www.eafo.eu/knowledge-center/european-vehicle-categories category M1] (passenger cars up to 9 seats, including the driver's) may use their vehicles in road traffic only if they are equipped with snow tires on all axles marked with [https://bipaver.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Afb.-3pms.jpg the 3PMSF symbol] or with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire_code#Additional_marks "M + S", "MS" or "M&S"] tires. The provisions do not apply for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_tire spare tires] used in case of an emergency.<ref>Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2009/8/20200409#paragraf-38 "Zákon č. 8/2009 Z. z., Zákon o cestnej premávke a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov"], 'Čl. I, DRUHÁ ČASŤ - PRAVIDLÁ CESTNEJ PREMÁVKY, DRUHÁ HLAVA - JAZDA VOZIDLAMI, Osobitosti premávky na diaľnici a ceste pre motorové vozidlá, § 38 - Osobitosti premávky v zimnom období'', 09.04.2020</ref> The minimum permitted tread depth for winter tires is 3 mm.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-14.odsek-10.pismeno-b "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Podmienky na prevádzku vozidla v cestnej premávke, § 14 Kolesá, pneumatiky a snehové reťaze, (10) b)'', 31.08.2020</ref>

The use of snow chains is mandatory when indicated by traffic sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Dopravn%C3%A1_zna%C4%8Dka_C14.svg C14], when the weather conditions make their use necessary.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-14.odsek-20 "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Podmienky na prevádzku vozidla v cestnej premávke, § 14 Kolesá, pneumatiky a snehové reťaze, (20)'', 31.08.2020</ref>

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is prohibited in Slovakia.<ref>Ministerstva dopravy a výstavby Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2018/134/#paragraf-14.odsek-19 "134/2018 Z. z., Sa ustanovujú podrobnosti o prevádzke vozidiel v cestnej premávke"], "Podmienky na prevádzku vozidla v cestnej premávke, § 14 Kolesá, pneumatiky a snehové reťaze, (19)'', 31.08.2020</ref>

== Headlights ==

All vehicles should drive with their low beam headlights on any time of the day.<ref>Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky, [https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2009/8/20200409#paragraf-32.odsek-1 "Zákon č. 8/2009 Z. z., Zákon o cestnej premávke a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov"], 'Čl. I, DRUHÁ ČASŤ - PRAVIDLÁ CESTNEJ PREMÁVKY, DRUHÁ HLAVA - JAZDA VOZIDLAMI, Osvetlenie vozidla, § 32 (1)'', 09.04.2020</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Filling stations are open from the morning till evening. Many of them are open all day long.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline. It is also called Natural in Slovakia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are available in the country.
# Diesel. It is called "Nafta" in Slovak.
# LPG. It's also called "Autoplyn" in Slovakia. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/slovakia/list/ list of stations that sell LPG] is available on mylpg.eu website.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/slovakia/ list of CNG stations in Slovakia] can be found by following the link.

=== Fuel stations locations and fuel prices ===

A source of locations of fuel stations along with their prices as updated by users can be found at:

# [https://sk.fuelo.net/?lang=en fuelo.net] also available as an app for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.fuelo.mobile android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/bg/app/fuelo/id1082996873 iOS].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Slovakia on [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Electronic toll sticker (e-vignette) ===

Vehicles of category M1 (passenger cars up to 9 seats including the driver's seat) and two-track motor vehicles or vehicle combinations up to 3,5 t should buy an electronic e-vignette in order to drive on motorways [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D1_motorway_(Slovakia) D1], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorway_D2_(Slovakia) D2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorway_D3_(Slovakia) D3] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorway_D4_(Slovakia) D4] or expressways [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R1_expressway_(Slovakia) R1], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R2_expressway_(Slovakia) R2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R4_expressway_(Slovakia) R4] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R6_expressway_(Slovakia) R6]. '''A separate e-vignette should be purchased for trailers of categories O1, O2 and for vehicle combinations over 3,5 t.''' You '''[https://eznamka.sk/en/evignettes/types-and-prices can check the type and the number of e-vignettes you should purchase]''' at the bottom of this web page.

[https://www.ndsas.sk/uploads/media/uvod/Map_charging_2020%20spoplatnenie.png This map] shows presented with a solid orange line the sections of the roads that their use is subject of an e-vignette purchase.

There are 4 classes of validity duration for e-vignettes:

# '''365 Days e-vignettes'''. They are valid for 365 days since the validity start date which you choose when you buy them. The validity start date can be up to 14 days after the day of the purchase as the system is currently implemented.
# '''Year long e-vignettes'''. They are valid from the start of the relevant year (or from the day of purchase) till 31st January of the following year.
# '''30 days e-vignettes'''. They are valid for 30 days since the validity start date which you choose when you buy them. The last validity start date you can choose when buying a 30 days e-vignette is the last day of the current year.
# '''10 days e-vignettes'''. They are valid for 10 days since the validity start date which you choose when you buy them. The last validity start date you can choose when buying a 10 days e-vignette is the last day of the current year.

E-vignettes for vehicles or trailers can be '''[https://eznamka.sk/selfcare/purchase bought online]''' at the listed prices.

You can check if there is a valid vignette assigned to your vehicle as well as its expiration date by providing the license plate number and the country of registration '''[https://eznamka.sk/selfcare/modification/select/select-vignettes/?operation=Check in this form]'''.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are no relevant restrictions related with passenger cars and motorcycles.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with an electronic vignette road pricing scheme]]
[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

San Marino

2020-06-16T18:28:12Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino San Marino] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in San Marino are presented in the following table:<ref>REPUBBLICA DI SAN MARINO, [http://www.sanita.sm/contents/instance3/files/document/2001542Decreto81del2008.pdf "CODICE DELLA STRADA"], DECRETO DELEGATO 26 maggio 2008 n.81 (Ratifica Decreto Delegato 28 aprile 2008 n.67)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways<ref group="note">There are no motorways in San Marino.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || -
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old and a holder of full valid driving license in order to drive in San Marino. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid in San Marino, although it is not actually a member of the EU or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Area EEA]. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU should have an international driving permit (IDP).<ref>Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, [https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1992-04-30;285!vig= "Codice della strada"], ''TITOLO V, Art. 135'', GU n.114 del 18-5-1992 - Suppl. Ordinario n. 74</ref>
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. In San Marino third party or above insurance and civil liability insurance are a requirement. An International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is required for non EU registered car's and would generally be a good option to be held by everyone.
# All foreign-registered vehicles in San Marino must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

Car drivers should carry an emergency warning triangle.

== Winter conditions ==

You have to use snow chains when required by the relevant road sign, during wintry conditions of low traction.

== Headlights ==

There is no requirement to have the headlights on during daylight.

== Filling stations ==

There are both attended and self service fuel station in Italy. In most of the smaller stations the attendant pumps the fuel for you. Self service stations have pay at the pump systems where you can pay in cash or by using a debit / credit card.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Italian: Benzina senza piombo / Benzina verde) Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super or Senza Pb or Benzina when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and is the only compulsory type offered in all stations. A few stations like Eni and IES offer 98 RON petrol as the premium type
# Diesel. In San Marino it is also called Gasolio.
# LPG. It is called GPL in San Marino.

=== Fuel prices ===

Locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in San Marino are available by [https://www.prezzibenzina.it/ Prezzi Benzina] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.vernazza.androidfuel Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/it/app/prezzi-benzina/id373044013?mt=8 iOS], [http://www.windowsphone.com/it-it/store/app/prezzi-benzina/39ee7d18-c704-4ee7-9e6d-ab3dec5721d3 Windows Phone] and [http://appworld.blackberry.com/webstore/content/22549942/?lang=it&countrycode=IT BlackBerry].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

A list of available chargers for electric cars and PHEVs in San Marino is accessible at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There isn't any charge for vehicles in the form of tolls or toll stickers.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are no restrictions of any nature regarding the traffic of vehicles in San Marino.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]

Portugal

2020-06-16T18:27:45Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal Portugal] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Portugal are presented in the following table:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/128100376/202001140000/73793072/diploma/indice "Código da Estrada"], ''Artigo 12.º Entrada em vigor, Anexo (a que se refere o artigo 11.º da lei), Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção III Velocidade, Artigo 27.º Limites gerais de velocidade'', 2013-09-03</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! colspan="2" | Built-up areas !! Rural roads !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-access_road#Portugal%3A_via_r%C3%A1pida Limited-access roads] !! Motorways
|-
! !! Residential areas !! Other areas !! !! !!
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moped Mopeds] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification) quadricycles] || 20 (12) || 40 (24) || 45 (27) || - || -
|-
| Motorcycles with an engine displacement ≤ 50 cc || 20 (12) || 40 (24) || 60 (37) || - || -
|-
| Motorcycles with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar sidecar] or a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorized_tricycle Tricycles] || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Motorcycles with an engine displacement > 50 cc (and with a sidecar) || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVWR] without a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 100 (62) || 120 (74)
|-
| Passenger cars ≤ 3,5 t GVWR with a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars > 3,5 t GVWR without a trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 100 (62)
|-
| Passenger cars > 3,5 t GVWR with trailer || 20 (12) || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 90 (55) || 90 (55)
|}

== Documents ==

Drivers must carry with them the following documents:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/128100376/202001140000/73793155/diploma/indice "Código da Estrada"], ''Artigo 12.º Entrada em vigor, Anexo (a que se refere o artigo 11.º da lei), Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção XII Regras especiais de segurança, Artigo 85.º Documentos de que o condutor deve ser portador'', 2013-09-03</ref>

# ID document or passport.
# Driver's license. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA or Switzerland are valid throughout the European Union. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance plus International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card), if your car is not insured in an EU country. At least third party insurance is required.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

All motor vehicles in circulation, except those with two or three wheels and quadricycles without a luggage case, must be equipped with:<ref>Diário da República n.º 169/2013, Série I de 2013-09-03, [https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/128100376/202001140000/73793159/diploma/indice "Código da Estrada"], ''Artigo 12.º Entrada em vigor, Anexo (a que se refere o artigo 11.º da lei), Título II Do trânsito de veículos e animais, Capítulo I Disposições comuns, Secção XIV Comportamento em caso de avaria ou acidente, Artigo 88.º Pré-sinalização de perigo'', 2013-09-03</ref>

# A Warning triangle. The use of the warning triangle is mandatory whenever the vehicle is immobilized on the road or on the side of the road, '''without the appropriate lighting according to the provisions of the traffic code'''. The triangle must be placed perpendicularly to the pavement and the axis of the road at a distance of at least 30 m from the rear of the vehicle and must be clearly visible at a distance of at least 100 m.
# High visibility reflective vest, which should be worn under the same circumstances.

== Winter conditions ==

There is no requirement for the use of special tires during winter. Snow chains are compulsory in mountainous regions when indicated by road sign [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portugal_road_sign_D9.svg D9] and the conditions make their use necessary.

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is prohibited in Portugal.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their headlights on, all day long. Cars don't have to use their headlights during daytime, except in low visibility conditions.

== Filling stations ==

Stations are self-service in Portugal. There are stations where you fill your tank up and then pay at the office afterwards, but there are also stations where prepayment (Portuguese: pré-pagamento) is required in order to proceed with pumping fuel in to your vehicle. Usually major cards are accepted in Portuguese filling stations.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Portuguese: Gasolina sin plomo or Gasolina sem chumbo). Common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane ratings] are 95 and 98 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON].
# Diesel (Portugese: Gasóleo).
# LPG (Portuguese: Gáz líquido). A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/portugal/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] in Portugal can be found by following the previous link.
# CNG. Only very few stations offer CNG in the country. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/portugal/ list of CNG stations] can be found by clicking the link at the start of the sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

Some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Portugal are listed bellow:

# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.
# [https://www.fuelflash.eu/en/ Fuel-Flash] website, also available as an app for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.mwwebwork.benzinpreisblitz Android].
# 1-2-3 app available for both [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.bottledsoftware.tanken Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/1-2-3-tanken/id688981330 iOs]

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Portugal at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

Chargers are also listed in [https://www.electromaps.com/en/charging-stations/portugal electromaps.com]

== Road user charges ==

=== Toll roads ===

Portugal has a road charge scheme that uses tolls for collecting the fees for using its motorways. It has 2 types of toll roads: conventional ones with toll plazas and roads with electronic tolls system.

You can calculate the toll fees for your journey using this [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-2 calculator], by entering the starting point of your journey on the left column of drop-down lists and your destination on the middle column of drop-down lists, as well as the [http://www.portugaltolls.com/documents/11238/bcd71ea6-8f18-4260-a1b2-02e9b8ad2228 class of your vehicle] and the method of calculation (Distância for minimum distance whatever the cost or Custo for minimum fees without taking into account the distance difference).

A [http://www1.estradas.pt/documents/1029518/ea7c598f-e24f-4b80-be0b-fbdffe69bde4 map of all Portuguese toll roads] (it includes both types) is available following the link. The legend in English language is available at the bottom right of the PDF file.

[http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-3 Detailed maps of toll locations and their rates] in Algarve, Baixo Tejo, Beira Interior, Beiras Litoral e Alta, Costa de Prata, Grande Porto, Interior Norte, Litoral Oeste, Norte Litoral, Pinhal Interior, Transmontana and the A23 non concessioned section (IP) are available in the PDF files listed following the link.

==== Conventional toll roads ====

The available payment methods in toll plazas are listed bellow and vary according the lane:

<ol>
<li>Payment with cash or with a debit / credit card. When you enter the motorway you are going to receive a ticket that certifies your entry point in order to calculate the fees as the tolls are distance based. When reaching the toll gates you should choose the lane with the inscription above it reading "Via Manual" accompanied by a sign depicting the silhouette of a man in a blue font, which indicates the presence of a manned toll booth in that lane, if you wish to pay in cash to the operator or the lane with the inscription above it that reads "Via Manual" accompanied by a sign depicting Euro coins and a bank card in blue font, if you wish to pay to the automated machine by cash or with your debit / credit card. Just in case your card is not accepted is always a good idea to have cash with you as a back up payment method. 
'''Note that if you loose the ticket you have to pay the full distance from the start of the road till the toll plaza.'''</li> 

<li>Via Verde electronic transponder. '''The transponder can also be used for payments at electronic toll roads in Portugal, so if you use it there is no need to check for alternative payment methods for the electronic tolls. Please note that the Via Verde transponder is also compatible with [https://www.viaverde.pt/via-verde/onde-e-como-usar/traveller Spanish electronic tolls]. Vice versa the Spanish VIA-T transponder (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive]), the French [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/le-telepeage-europe/ Liber-t] transponder and the Italian [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway Telepass] transponder can be used for paying the Portuguese tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the Via Verde transponder.''' 
You can rent a temporary electronic transponder called [https://servicos.viaverde.pt/Visitors/LoginPage.jsf "Via Verde Visitors"]. It has a rental cost of 6 € in the first week and 1,5 € in the following weeks and you have to make an initial deposit of 27,50 € (refundable upon return of the device). It´s valid for a maximum of 90 days. You can get the transponder at [https://www.viaverde.pt/ferramentas/mapa-de-servicos Via Verde stores]. 
In case you visit Portugal frequently and if you have a Portuguese bank account, you can buy the electronic device [https://www.viaverde.pt/particulares/via-verde/como-aderir?s=identificador Via Verde Leve] with fees of 0,70 € for each month you use the device and 0 cost for months you don't. You can buy it in Via Verde stores or order it online. 
In order to use the device you have to join the motorway by the dedicated Via Verde lanes (there are one or two in any case), indicated by a sign with the letter V in green background and identical road surface markings. At thew toll plaza by passing through the dedicated Via Verde lanes the appropriate fee for the distance you have traveled will be deducted from your connected bank account. 
Read the [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/colocacao-de-dispositivos installation instructions] for the right placement of the transponder that will ensure its smooth operation. '''Please note that rented devices should not be affixed to the windshield permanently, but instead held in place when the vehicle crosses the toll gates via the dedicated Via Verde lane.'''</li>
</ol>

==== Electronic toll roads ====

Electronic toll roads have no toll plazas. Gantries over these motorways have cameras installed and use a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number-plate_recognition ANPR] system to read your vehicle's plates and calculate the toll fees for your journey.

[[File:Electronic toll - Portugal.png|thumb|220px|Sign H44a indicating a road with electronic tolls collection]]

These motorways are or include parts of:

# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A4_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A4]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A13_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A13] and A13-1
# Autoestrada A17
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A19_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A19]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A22_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A22]
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A23_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A23]
# Autoestrada A24
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A25_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A25]
# Autoestrada A27
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A28_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrasa A28]
# Autoestrada A29
# Autoestrada A33
# Autoestrada A41
# Autoestrada A44

The exact motorways or their parts that use electronic tolls are marked [http://www1.estradas.pt/documents/1029518/ea7c598f-e24f-4b80-be0b-fbdffe69bde4 on the map] with red color.

The available payment methods are:

<ol>
<li>'''Via Verde electronic transponder'''. It's the same transponder that it is used in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' (listed as the second method of payment). If you have already rent or bought it and installed it in your vehicle you are also covered regarding electronic tolls' payments and there is no need to read about and of course use any of the following alternative payment methods.</li> 
<li>'''EASYToll.''' The EASYToll system associates your debit or credit card (Mastercard, Visa or Maestro) to your vehicle´s license plate. You have to visit one of the following EASYToll Welcome Points (before driving on any of the electronic toll roads, otherwise you will be fined for using these roads without paying the toll fees, except of course if you use one of the alternative payment methods):
<ol>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/GCGpawVM9d1sYhaBA A22 – next to Castro Marim/Ayamonte border]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/8voc5cDHDFFWXBa86 A24 – at 3,5km from Chaves/Veribn border]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/ejp96DHo5KNuLfAh7 A25 – Alto de Leomil Service Area]<li>
<li>[https://goo.gl/maps/uG31ZoB3D55aWmyV7 A28 - Viana do Castelo Service Area]<li>
</ol> and without leaving your vehicle place your card in the payment machine. The system automatically associates the vehicle's license plate to the card you used in the terminal. The toll fees will be directly debited from the bank account associated with this bank card each time you drive on electronic toll roads from now on. When signing up a ticket is issued by the machine and must be kept as proof of the procedure. The card association with the vehicle's plates is valid for 30 days. The sign up process has a cost of 0,74 € and each journey has an administrative cost of 0,32 € additionally to the actual toll fees calculated for your journey. 

You cam search which license plates are associated with an EASYToll identifier, correct the license plates' number associated with your card or cancel the membership [http://www.portugaltolls.com/en/web/portal-de-portagens/home#column-5 online] or by calling the telephone number 707 500 501 from Portugal or the +351 287 95 55 from abroad. 
'''If you have rented a car and have associated your card with its plates don't forget to cancel your EASYToll membership after returning the car to the rental car company, because if you don't and the next client drives it on an electronic toll roads the fees will be deducted from your bank account.'''</li> 
<li>'''TOLLCard.'''The TOLLCard is a prepaid card, available for purchase at values of 5, 10, 20 or 40 € (with an added service cost of 0,74€ for each purchased card). 
You can buy a TOLLCard [http://www.tollcard.pt/fetcwcm/wcmservlet/en/comprar/comprar-online.html online], at [https://www.ctt.pt/feapl_2/app/open/stationSearch/stationSearch.jspx?request_locale=en CTT post offices] or at the following motorways' service areas:
<ol>
<li>Almodôvar on A2 motorway</li>
<li>Barcelos on A3 highway</li>
<li>Estremoz on A6 highway</li>
<li>Seide on A7 highway</li>
<li>All service areas of A22 motorway</li>
<li>All service areas of A23 motorway</li>
<li>Celorico, Vouzela and Aveiro on the A25 highway</li>
<li>Viana do Castelo and Vila do Conde on the A28 highway</li>
</ol>
After purchasing the card you should [https://www.ctt.pt/fepme/app/open/tollcard/activation.jspx?request_locale=en activate it online] by providing the code printed on the card or on the receipt, if you have bought the card online, and the license plate of your vehicle, in order to associate it with the card. You can also enter the number of your mobile phone to receive a free SMS alert when your card's balance runs out. You can activate more than one cards at the same time, with your total balance being the sum of their values. 

Every time you drive on a road with electronic tolls the toll fees will automatically get deducted from your card's balance plus an administrative cost of 0,32 €. 
You can check [https://www.ctt.pt/fepme/app/open/tollcard/balance.jspx the card's remaining balance on CTT's website] and when the card balance runs out you will be notified by an SMS, if you had provided your mobile phone's number during registration. 
Each card is valid for one year after its activation. A TOLLCard that has never been activated or damaged can be returned at CTT post offices and in that case its value will be refunded. The remaining credit can also be refunded if a credit card was used for the payment, within a 6 months period.</li> 
<li>'''TOLLService.''' This is a prepaid product that offers 2 available options:
<ol>
<li> Prepaid card for unlimited journeys for 3 days with a cost of 20 € plus an additional service cost of 0,74 € paid once during the purchase. It is valid for [http://www.portugaltolls.com/documents/11238/bcd71ea6-8f18-4260-a1b2-02e9b8ad2228 class 1 and 2 vehicles].</li>
<li>Prepaid card for a predefined date and journey:
<ul>
<li>Spain - Porto Airport, via A28 or A41 (one journey or round trip).</li>
<li>Spain - Faro Airport via A22 (one journey or round trip).</li>
</ul>
</ol>

You can [http://www.tollcard.pt/fetcwcm/wcmservlet/en/comprar/outros-produtos.html purchase TOLLService tickets online] or at Cepsa Service Areas in Viana dos Castelo (A28), Abrantes (A23) and Olhão (A22), at [https://goo.gl/maps/yCcZhmKqvTLqXkkh8 Porto´s airport] and at [https://www.ctt.pt/feapl_2/app/open/stationSearch/stationSearch.jspx?request_locale=en CTT post-offices].</li>
</ol>

==== Unpaid tolls ====

You can check on the following websites to find out if any unpaid tolls are standing for your license plates:

<ol>
<li>'''[https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_Portal/IC.aspx pagamentodeportagens.pt]'''. It covers only motorways [https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_BaseTheme/img/map_road.png?1386 marked with orange on this map]. Excluded motorways are marked with the same color as the background, but with a deeper tone. 
You have to wait for 15 days since the day you drove on the motorway without paying the toll fees in order to make sure the fees are available for payment on the website. Specifically for motorways A4 ([https://goo.gl/maps/446qnRBTCMEqifvQ8 Vila Real] / [https://goo.gl/maps/aPwwP8xpHxci8aSH9 Parada de Cunhos] and [https://goo.gl/maps/5XsrdJusxn8pgAur6 Quintanilha]), A23 (Torres Novas / Guarda Sul) or on the A25, you can pay 48 hours after the toll fee was registered. 
In case you have received an Outstanding Payment Notice for unpaid tolls (something that is rare, if not impossible for non Portuguese residents), you have to [https://www.pagamentodeportagens.pt/PPP_Portal/Registration.aspx create an account] in order to proceed with the payment.</li> 
<li>'''[https://portal.ascendi.pt/en/pesquisa-por-matricula portal.ascendi.pt]''' On Ascendi's portal you can pay unpaid toll fees for [https://ascendi.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/mapa_web.pdf motorways managed by Ascendi, shown on the map], also listed in [https://ascendi.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/tabela_Ing.pdf this list]. 
Ascendi cooperates with [https://www.nivi.it/default.aspx Nivi Credit], a company responsible for collecting the debts owed by the owners of foreign-registered vehicles who did not pay their tolls when traveling on the motorways, on behalf of Ascendi. If you want to [https://www.nivi.it/Pagamento.aspx pay online], you can use the username and password provided in the letter you received..</li>
</ol>

=== Tolled bridges ===

==== 25 de Abril Bridge ====

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_de_Abril_Bridge 25 de Abril Bridge] is a suspension bridge which connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon Lisbon] with the municipality of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almada Almada]. The toll plaza is located at Almada and charges apply only to vehicles traveling northbound, from Almada to Lisbon. Vehicles driving towards Almada do not pay any toll fees.

[https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/25-de-abril/general-info Toll rates] for different vehicle categories as well as discounts are listed on the bridge's operator's website.

The lanes at the toll plaza are numbered from 1 to 16, from left to right. The payment methods for the tolls of the bridge are:

<ol>
<li>Cash and Debit / Credit Cards. Lanes 3, 7, 8 and 9 are manned and accept all forms of payment, but only light vehicles. Lane 10 is also manned but accepts all types of vehicles. Lanes 15 and 16 also have a toll booth operator and accept all vehicles, bust from 07:00 to 10:00 accept only public transport vehicles.</li> 

<li>Via Verde Transponder. Its way of use is described in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' section. 
Lanes 1 and 2 accept light vehicles with the transponder. Lanes 13 and 14 accept all types of vehicles that have the transponder installed. 
'''Owners of the Via Verde transponder enjoy a discount of 70%, for a number of crosses between 13 and 70 in a month and free crossings from the 72nd crossing in the same month.'''</li> 
<li>[https://viacard.pt/viacard/ ViaCard] and [https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/destaques/viacard-eco ViaCard ECO]. Membership for the ViaCard or the ViaCard ECO (for electric and PHEV vehicles' owners) can be completed [https://gestao.viacard.pt/signupform online].</li> 
Lane 4 is exclusive for ViaCard owners of Class 1 vehicles from 07:00 to 10:00 on business days. Lanes 5 and 6 are exclusive for ViaCard owners of Class 1 and 2 vehicles and motorcycles. Lanes 11 and 12 are exclusive for Viacard owners regardless the type of their vehicle. 

'''ViaCard owners enjoy a 10% discount and ViaCard ECO owners a 15% discount for their 1st to 12th crossings in a month. From their 13th crossing to their 70th crossing discounts are 70% and 80% respectively. From the 71st crossing all ViaCard owners enjoy a free pass, as the discount becomes 100%'''</li>
</ol>

==== Vasco da Gama Bridge ====

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama_Bridge Vasco da Gama Bridge] is a cable-stayed bridge in Lisbon, connecting [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacav%C3%A9m Sacavém] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcochete Alcochete] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montijo,_Portugal Montijo]. It is the second longest bridge in Europe after the Crimean Bridge, with a total length of 12,345 km. The toll plaza is located at Montijo and charges apply only to vehicles traveling northbound, towards Sacavém. Vehicles driving towards Montijo do not pay any toll fees.

[https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/vasco-da-gama/general-info Toll rates] for different vehicle categories as well as discounts are listed on the bridge's operator's website.

The lanes at the toll plaza are numbered from 1 to 12, from right to left. The payment methods for the tolls of the bridge are:

<ol>
<li>Cash and Debit / Credit Cards. Lane is manned and accepts all forms of payment, but only light vehicles. Lanes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are also manned but accept all types of vehicles. Lanes 15 and 16 also have a toll booth operator and accept all vehicles, bust from 07:00 to 10:00 accept only public transport vehicles.</li> 

<li>Via Verde Transponder. Its way of use is described in '''[[Portugal#Conventional_toll_roads | conventional toll roads]]''' section. 
Lanes 3, 4, 11 and 12 accept all vehicles with the transponder.</li> 
<li>[https://viacard.pt/viacard/ ViaCard] and [https://www.lusoponte.pt/en/destaques/viacard-eco ViaCard ECO]. Membership for the ViaCard or the ViaCard ECO (for electric and PHEV vehicles' owners) can be completed [https://gestao.viacard.pt/signupform online].</li> 
Lane 2 is exclusive for ViaCard owners, regardless the type of their vehicle. 

'''During business days from 07:00 to 10:00 ViaCard owners have a 5% discount and ViaCard ECO holders a 10% discount. For weekdays from 07:00 to 10:00, as well as in weekends and holidays the discount becomes 10% and 20% respectively..'''</li>
</ol>

==== Lezíria Bridge ====

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lez%C3%ADria_Bridge Lezíria Bridge] which is part of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A10_motorway_(Portugal) Autoestrada A10] has manned toll booths that accept both cash and debit /credit cards as means of payment. Toll rate is 1,25 € for passenger cars.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

In Lisbon vehicle access restrictions apply for all vehicle categories in 2 zones presented [http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/fileadmin/VIVER/Mobilidade/ZER/ZERLisboa_3fase_01.pdf on the map in the second page of the PDF file].

In Zone 1 from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. only vehicles manufactured since 2000 (Euro 3 vehicles of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars European emission standards classification]) can enter within the restricted area.

In Zone 2 from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. only vehicles manufactured since 1996 (Euro 2 vehicles of the European emission standards classification) can access the restricted area.

Legal access for older vehicles is possible by retrofitting a filter that is approved by the IMT - [http://www.imt-ip.pt Institute for Mobility and Transport] - accompanied with documentation stating the emissions' reduction.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Netherlands

2020-06-16T18:27:13Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands Netehrlands] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in the Netherlands are presented in the table:<ref>Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, [https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/2014-03-20/#HoofdstukII_Paragraaf8 "Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990 (RVV 1990),"], Hoofdstuk II. Verkeersregels, § 8. Maximumsnelheid, Artikels 20, 21 & 22</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Rural roads !! Expressways !! Motorways
|-
| Passenger cars, commercial vehicles ≤ 3,5 t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_vehicle_weight_rating GVW] and motorcycles || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)<ref group="note" name="oil disruption">In the event of a serious disruption of the oil supply, it may be determined by regulation of the Minister of Transport that motorways and expressways, shall have a maximum speed of 90 km/h for motor vehicles.</ref><ref name="oil disruption citation">Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, [https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/2014-03-20/#HoofdstukVA_Artikel86a "Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990 (RVV 1990),"], Hoofdstuk VA. Tijdelijke verlaging maximumsnelheid in geval van verstoring olie-aanvoer, Artikel 86a</ref> || 130 (80)<ref group="note">'''The speed limit from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm is 100 km/h''', in an effort to reduce emissions.</ref><ref group="note" name="oil disruption"></ref><ref name="oil disruption citation"></ref>
|-
| Campers derived from trucks or buses, weighing > 3,5 t GVW || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| Passenger cars, commercial vehicles and motorcycles with a trailer, weighing ≤ 3,5 t GVW || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 90 (55) || 90 (55)
|-
| Passenger cars and commercial vehicles with a trailer, weighing > 3,5 t GVW || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 80 (49)
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcar Microcars] || 45 (27) || 45 (27) || Not permitted to drive || Not permitted to drive
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moped Mopeds] driving on the road || 45 (27) || 45 (27) || Not permitted to drive || Not permitted to drive
|-
| Mopeds driving on biycle / moped paths || 30 (18) || 40 (24) || - || -
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in the Netherlands. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union and of course in the Netherlands. Drivers in possession of a license that isn't printed with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet Latin alphabet] should carry an International Drivers Permit (IDP) or an official translation of it in English along with their original driver's license document.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding a International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice. Third-part insurance is the minimum requirement.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle. It is not compulsory to carry one with you, but it is compulsory to use it for vehicles that have more than two wheels and for trailers, if they have broken down and they act as obstacle for traffic not detectable in time by other users of the road, only when they don't have their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting#Hazard_warning_signal hazard lights] activated. When used the warning triangle must be clearly visible on the road at a distance of approximately 30 meters from the vehicle and in the direction of the traffic affected by the stationary vehicle.<ref>Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, [https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/2014-03-20/#HoofdstukII_Paragraaf26 "Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990 (RVV 1990),"], Hoofdstuk II. Verkeersregels, § 26. Gevarendriehoek, Artikel 58</ref>
# Right-hand drive (RHD) cars have to use headlamp converters to prevent dazzling oncoming traffic if their headlamps are not adjustable.

== Winter conditions ==

The use of winter tires in not obligatory in the Netherlands. The use of snow chains is not allowed on public roads.

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is not allowed in the country.

== Headlights ==

It is not mandatory to use your vehicle's headlights during daylight. During the day their use is only compulsory under significantly impaired visibility conditions.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in the Netherlands. Most of them accept chip and PIN debit cards, with credit cards may not be accepted by smaller stations.

Automated unmanned fuel stations are open 24 hours and only accept cards with PIN.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Dutch: Ongelood) Petrol is commonly called at the pump Euro 95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or Super 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel.
# LPG. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/netherlands/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] is available by following the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/netherlands/ list of stations that offer CNG] can be found by clicking the link at the start of this sentence.

=== Fuel prices ===

ANWB Onderweg – Verkeer, Parkeren & Tanken app, available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.themobilecompany.Onderweg Android] and [https://itunes.apple.com/nl/app/anwb-onderweg-verkeer-parkeren/id501658692?mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS] has a list of gas stations indicated on map, with their current fuel prices.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in the Netherlands at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

There are only two toll roads in the Netherlands, two tunnels: the Kiltunnel amd the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Scheldt_Tunnel Westerscheldetunnel].

==== Kiltunnel ====

[https://www.kiltunnel.nl/tarieven-kiltunnel.html Pricing, as well as payment methods] are available on the official website.

# In lanes with a blue sign depicting a man, you can pay with:
## Cash. Only banknotes up to 50 € are accepted. Commemorative coins are not accepted.
## Maestro and V Pay chip and PIN debit cards and Visa and MasterCard credit cards.
# In lanes where the word "Telecard" is written you can pay by the proprietary [https://www.kiltunnel.nl/tarieven-kiltunnel-telecard.html Telecard] which offers '''discounted prices''' for using the tunnel. You can buy it from lanes with a toll clerk (the ones with the blue sign mentioned above) for 4,55 € plus a minimum top up of 15 €. The maximum amount of money that can be held by the card is 500 €. You have to take the card out of its protective cover and held it in front of the antenna in order to use it. The appropriate amount of money is subtracted from the card. The display on the toll booth shows both the amount to be debited and the credit balance, so that you can top up your credit in time. You can top up your card at the top up station just before the toll plaza, on the right side of the road. Topping up is also possible in manned toll lanes indicated by the words “Telecard / Cash” and the blue sign. In toll lanes where only the text “Telecard” is shown, you cannot top up your card.

==== Westerscheldetunnel ====

[https://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/toll-payments/toll-rates.htm Toll rates] for different vehicle categories are available on the tunnel's official website, with [https://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/toll-payments/toll-free-days.htm free pass days] also listed there.

Payment methods are:
# Cash in manned stations indicated by an electronic sign depicting a man.
# With the debit and credit, as well as petrol stations' cards [https://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/toll-payments/methods-of-payment.htm listed on the tunnel's official website], in lanes indicated by an electronic sign writing the word "Creditcards".
# With the electronic t-tag (m-tag for motorcyclists), which offers '''discounted prices''' for the use of the tunnel, automatically without stopping at the toll plaza in the dedicated lanes with the t-tag electronic sign. You can request a [https://www.movenience.nl/westerscheldetunnel/t-tag t-tag] or an [https://www.movenience.nl/westerscheldetunnel/m-tag m-tag] by following the respective links to their official website.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

=== Car free zones ===

==== Delft ====

In Delft large part of the center is not accessible by motor vehicles (with the exception of residents, transport of people with mobility problems, business owners and vehicles < 3,5 t visiting for loading or unloading). [https://parkerendelft.com/en/parking-counter/license-plate-recognition/ Requests for exemptions] can be made through Delft's parking website. The [https://parkerendelft.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Plattegrond-Autoluw-gebied-autoverkeer.pdf restricted roads] for cars are marked in orange and the [https://parkerendelft.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Plattegrond-Autoluw-gebied-snor-en-bromfietsers.pdf restricted areas] for scooters and mopeds are highlighted in light orange with black lines as boundaries.

==== Groningen ====

Groningen has a car free zone active all day long, except from 5:00 am to 12:00 pm, that affects all vehicles. Between 5:00 am and 12:00 pm you can freely access the city center. The [https://gemeente.groningen.nl/sites/default/files/Laden-lossen-binnenstad-autovrije-straten.pdf restricted roads] are marked in blue on the official city's map.

=== Low emission zones ===

Many cities in the Netherlands have low emission zones which most of the times restrict access for heavy vehicles, but some cities have already implemented restrictions for light vehicles, with a roadmap for the implementation of stricter requirements for entering in the restricted zones during the following years. Categories of light vehicles that are not mentioned bellow, as motorcycles for example or petrol / gasoline cars, are not affected by the restrictions.

==== Amsterdam ====

From 1st November 2020 only diesel cars with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards#Emission_standards_for_passenger_cars European emission standard] "Euro 4" or higher will be able to enter in the city's [https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/traffic-transport/low-emission-zone/ restricted zone] shown at the bottom of the page, if you follow the previous link to the city's website. The restricted area is highlighted in blue.

==== Arhnem ====

From 21st October 2020 only diesel cars with emission standard "Euro 4" or higher will be able to enter in the city's [https://arnhem.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=d10677a1c71b43679cb7028ed32374eb restricted zone] shown in the map's highlighted area, if you click on the previous link.

==== Maastricht ====

From 2020 only diesel cars with European emission standard "Euro 4" or higher and petrol / gasoline cars that meet "Euro 1" standard or newer ones are able to enter in the city's restricted zone which includes a single street: Statensingel from its start at the roundabout to its intersection with Cabergerweg street.

==== Utrecht ====

In Utrecht only diesel cars with a Euro 3 or higher emissions standard are able to enter in the [https://gemu.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8fdcafa73aa447c4ba7570928f807497 restricted zone] and for campervans that exceed 3,5 t only those built after 1 January 2001.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Luxembourg

2020-06-16T18:26:43Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg Luxembourg] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Luxembourg are presented in the following table:<ref>MINISTÈRE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ET DES INFRASTRUCTURES, Département des Transports, [http://data.legilux.public.lu/file/eli-etat-leg-code-route-20161028-fr-pdf.pdf "RECUEILDE LÉGISLATION ROUTIÈRE, Code de la route"], ''VIIe section – De la vitesse et de la maîtrise'', Art. 139, LEGISLATION: until October 17, 2016</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles < 7,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit">The limit may fall to 30 km/h for reasons including the lay-out of the premises.</ref> || 90 (55)<ref group="note">The limit falls to:
# 50 km/h on a carriageway with two lanes of traffic, when one lane of traffic is closed,
# 70 km/h on a carriageway with two lanes of traffic, when one or both lanes of traffic are narrowed,
# 70 km/h on a carriageway with three lanes of traffic, when a lane of traffic is closed or narrowed.</ref> || 130 (80)<ref group="note">The limit falls to 110 km/h in case of rain or other precipitation.</ref><ref group="note">The limit falls to 90 km/h in tunnels marked with road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Luxembourg_road_sign_E%2C28a.jpg E,28a], if no other speed limit is defined by a speed limit sign.</ref>
|-
| Mopeds || 45 (27)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 45 (27) || Traffic prohibited
|-
| Vehicles ≤ 3,5 t with studded tires || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 70 (43) || 90 (55)
|-
| Cars with trailers with a total weight < 3,5 t || 50 (31)<ref group="note" name="urban_limit"></ref> || 75 (46) || 90(55)
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# You have to be 18 years old with a valid full driving license in order to drive in Luxembourg. Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union including Luxembourg. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP).
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. Insurance documents from any EU country are acceptable, though holding a International Motor insurance card (Green Card) with you is a good practice.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle for vehicles with four or more wheels.
# Reflective jackets for the driver and the passengers, that must be worn when people get out of a broken down vehicle outside of built-up areas during night or when visibility is low.

== Winter conditions ==

In the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, driving a motor vehicle on public roads in winter conditions (black ice, packed snow, slush, ice sheets or frost) is permitted only with regulation winter tires (winter tires or all-weather tires marked "M.S.", "M+S", "M&S" or the alpine - 3PMSF - symbol) mounted on all wheels of the vehicle.

This regulation applies to all drivers, regardless of the country of registration of the vehicle. Non-observance is punishable by a 74 € fine. However, this does not apply to vehicles parked on public roads.

This requirement does not apply to mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles, lightweight quadricycles, tractors and self-propelled machinery. It is also not applicable to certain categories of vehicles, provided that winter tires do not exist by design for these categories, namely:

* special vehicles other than motor homes;
* vehicles used by the Army, the Grand-Ducal Police, the Customs and Excise Agency, the Emergency Services Administration and the communal fire and rescue services.<ref>Luxembourg's Administrative guide, [https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/transports-mobilite/transports-individuels/vehicule-motorise/pneus-hiver.html Winter tyres compulsory in Luxembourg for winter driving conditions], Last update 22.01.2019</ref> 
Snow chains can be used when roads are covered with snow or ice.

=== Studded tires ===

The use of studded tires is prohibited in Luxembourg.

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. There is no such a requirement for cars, but it is recommended. 
Additionally, parking lights should be turned on when parking on unlit roads.

== Filling stations ==

There are both manned and unmanned stations in Luxembourg. If you use a manned station, you fill up as required and then pay in the shop, if you haven't already paid at the pump with your card. In unmanned stations you can pay directly by using a card. You have to insert the card before starting refueling your vehicle. 
Fuel stations with a 24/24 sign are is in service all day long.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (French: Essence sans plomb) Petrol is commonly called at the pump Eurosuper 95 when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] or SP98 / Super Plus 98 when it has an octane rating of 98 RON. The labels E5 and E10 that may accompany petrol fuel's name refer to the percentage of ethanol in the mix with it being 5% or 10% respectively and the rest of the mix consists of standard unleaded petrol.
# Diesel.
# LPG. It is also called Autogas or GPL. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/france/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen on the page of the previous link.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/luxembourg/ list of stations that sell CNG] can be found by following the previous link. '''Please be aware that 4 of the stations listed are permanently closed, leaving only 2 CNG station open in the country.'''

=== Fuel prices ===

[http://www.petrol.lu/en/official-prices/ Maximum fuel prices] are listed in Groupement Pétrolier Luxembourgeois (GPL) official website. The prices marked with TVAC in the last column of the table are the ones that include VAT.

The [http://www.petrol.lu/en/members/ members of GPL] are listed in the previous link. By clicking on their logos you can visit their websites and see each one's prices, as well as their networks petrol stations' locations.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Luxembourg at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There is no charge for road use in Luxembourg, neither in the form of toll nor in the form of toll stickers (vignettes), for passenger vehicles.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are no restrictions for the traffic of vehicles in Luxembourg, based on emissions classes, pollution emergency schemes or any other schemes.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Liechtenstein

2020-06-16T18:26:26Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein Liechtenstein] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Liechtenstein are presented in the table:<ref>Landesverwaltung Fürstentum Liechtenstein, [https://www.gesetze.li/konso/1978.19 "Verkehrsregelnverordnung (VRV) vom 1. August 1978"], ''I. Teil Regeln für den Fahrverkehr, 1. Abschnitt Allgemeine Fahrregeln, Art. 6 Allgemeine Höchstgeschwindigkeiten; Grundregel & Art. 7
Höchstgeschwindigkeit für einzelne Fahrzeugarten'', 1978 (Fassung 1.10.2019)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! Other roads !! Motorways<ref group="note">There are no motorways in Liechtenstein.</ref>
|-
| Motor vehicles ≤ 3,5 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || -
|}

'''Notes:'''
<references group="note"/>

== Documents ==

# Driver's license. You have to be at least 18 years old holding a full valid driver's license in order to drive in Liechtenstein. EU/EEA citizens can use the license issued by their countries' authorities. For citizens of other countries International Driving Permits are needed only if their license is not in any of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (French, German, Italian) or in English.
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. If your vehicle is not insured in an EU/EEA country you should carry an International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card).
# All foreign-registered vehicles in Liechtenstein must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle is compulsory for car drivers.<ref>United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, [https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/2018/R127r2e.pdf UN Regulation No. 127], ''Revision 3, including the amendments which entered into force on 14September2017'', 23 May 2018</ref>

== Winter conditions ==

There is no legal obligation to install winter tires in Liechtenstein. In the case of an accident though, the driver may be found liable if the car is not properly equipped for wintry conditions. The insurance company may not cover the full cost of the damage or may even take action against the insured person for negligence.

Snow chains required (metal snow chains must be applied to at least two wheels of the same axle; also applies to three-wheelers) when authorities make their use mandatory or when indicated by road sign [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/CH-Vorschriftssignal-Schneeketten_obligatorisch.svg 2.48].

=== Studded tires ===

Studded tires may be fitted to motor vehicles, the total weight of which does not exceed 3.5 t. They can only be used between 1 November and 30 April and outside of this period, in the presence of winter conditions and must be fitted on all wheels. A sign indicating the maximum authorized speed of 80 km/h, should be attached to the rear of vehicles fitted with studded tires.

== Headlights ==

During the day there is no obligation to have low-beam lights turned on, except in low visibility conditions (in fog, when snowing or during heavy rain) the fog or the low-beams should be activated. 
Parked motor vehicles must be illuminated with their parking lights and tail lights if they are parked at an unlit road, with the exception of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-track_vehicle single-track vehicles].<ref>Landesverwaltung Fürstentum Liechtenstein, [https://www.gesetze.li/konso/1978.19 "Verkehrsregelnverordnung (VRV) vom 1. August 1978"], ''I. Teil Regeln für den Fahrverkehr, 3. Abschnitt Sicherungsvorkehren, Art. 32 Verwendung der Lichter bei Motorfahrzeugen'', 1978 (Fassung 1.10.2019)</ref>

== Filling stations ==

Many stations have pay at the pump systems accepting debit and credit cards like Mastercard and Visa.
In larger stations you can also pay in the shop after filling up the tank of your vehicle.

=== Fuel Types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline – (German: Bleifrei benzin). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating Octane ratings] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and 98 RON are common at fuel stations. Big suppliers like Shell offer 100 RON petrol.
# Diesel (which has the same name in all over Switzerland).
# LPG. It's also called: Autogas.
# CNG. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/liechtenstein/ list of CNG stations] can be found by following the previous link.

=== Fuel Prices ===

A website that provides current fuel prices in Liechtenstein as well as the locations of the fuel stations is [http://www.benzin-preis.ch/en/suche benzin-preis.ch].

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can search for electric car nad PHEVs chargers in Liechtenstein at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

There are no any charging schemes for road use in Liechtenstein, neither tolls nor a toll sticker (vignette). '''Be aware that both bordering countries have their own road use charging schemes''':
{| class="wikitable"
| [[Austria#Road_user_charges | Road user charges in Austria]]
|-
| [[Switzerland#Road_user_charges | Road user charges in Switzerland]]
|}
with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A13_motorway_(Switzerland) motorway A13] in Switzerland running along the Liechtenstein–Switzerland border and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheintal/Walgau_Autobahn motorway A14 (Rheintal/Walgau Autobahn)] in Austria being close to Liechtenstein's east border, with both motorways requiring each country's respective vignette installed before driving on them.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are no restrictions for traffic based on vehicles' emissions level, air pollution level or any other restrictions in general.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]

Italy

2020-06-16T18:25:57Z

CostasAthan: /* Added the article to "Countries with right hand traffic" category. */

{{Meta country description}}== Handedness of road traffic ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy] is a right-hand traffic country.

== Speed Limits ==

The general speed limits in Italy are presented in the table:<ref>Ministero
delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, [https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1992-04-30;285!vig= "Codice della strada"], ''TITOLO V, Art. 142'', GU n.114 del 18-5-1992 - Suppl. Ordinario n. 74</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ General Speed limits in km/h (mph)
! Type of vehicle !! Built-up areas !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_highway_(Italy)#Type_C Secondary suburban roads] & [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_highway_(Italy)#Type_F Local suburban roads] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_highway_(Italy)#Type_B Main suburban roads] !! Motorways
|-
| Motor vehicles < 3,5 t || 50 (31)|| 90 (55) || 110 (68) || 130 (80)
|-
| Atmospheric precipitation of any nature || 50 (31) || 90 (55) || 90 (55) || 110 (68)
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricycle_(EU_vehicle_classification) Quadricycles] || 50 (31) || colspan="3" | 80 (49)
|-
| Cars with trailers or caravans || 50 (31) || 70 (43) || 70 (43) || 80 (49)
|-
| Camper vans > 3,5 t and < 12 t || 50 (31) || 80 (49) || 80 (49) || 100 (62)
|}

== Documents ==

# Driving licenses issued by any of the EU member states or the EEA are valid throughout the European Union, including Italy. Drivers in possession of a license issued outside the EU are required to have an international driving permit (IDP) or a sworn translation of their own license.<ref>Ministero
delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, [https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1992-04-30;285!vig= "Codice della strada"], ''TITOLO V, Art. 135'', GU n.114 del 18-5-1992 - Suppl. Ordinario n. 74</ref>
# Registration certificate.
# Certificate of Motor Insurance. In Italy third party or above insurance and civil liability insurance are a requirement. An International Motor Insurance Card (Green Card) is required for non EU registered car's and would generally be a good option to be held by everyone.
# All foreign-registered with non-EU number plates vehicles in France must display a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code nationality sticker] at the rear. Separate signs are not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration plate.

== Items required in cars or with motorcycles ==

# Emergency warning triangle. It must be used to signal emergency stop by placing it at a distance of least 50 meters from the stranded vehicle, provided the road allows such distance. Otherwise, it must be placed in the most visible position. Two wheeled vehicles are exempted from this requirement.
# A reflective vest must be worn when stepping out of a vehicle – in case of an accident, a breakdown or for any other reason - outside built-up areas at night and even in the daytime in case of poor visibility. This applies also in rest areas and in the emergency lane of motorways. For this reason, reflective items as above are supposed to be available at all times in the driver and passenger compartment.

== Winter conditions ==

Between 15th October to 15th April winter tires are recommended for certain roads but not compulsory. Snow chains must be carried with cars not fitted with winter tires.
There legislation gives the possibility of an extension of the aforementioned period one month before October (meaning 15th September) and / or one month after April (15th May). 
A list of the roads where the rules apply can be found on [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=it&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neveitalia.it%2Fturismo%2Fnews%2Fobbligo-di-catene-a-bordo-o-pneumatici-invernali-ordinanze%3Frefresh_ce-cp neveitalia.it]

== Headlights ==

Motorcycles should have their low-beam headlights turned on all day long. Also cars should use their low-beam lights regardless the time of the day outside built-up areas, if they are not fitted with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp DRLs].

== Filling stations ==

There are both attended and self service fuel station in Italy. In most of the smaller stations the attendant pumps the fuel for you. Self service stations have pay at the pump systems where you can pay in cash or by using a debit / credit card.

=== Fuel types ===

# Unleaded petrol / gasoline (Italian: Benzina senza piombo / Benzina verde). Petrol is commonly called at the pump Super or Senza Pb or Benzina when it has an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating octane rating] of 95 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating#Research_Octane_Number_(RON) RON] and is the only compulsory type offered in all stations. A few stations like Eni and IES offer 98 RON petrol as the premium type Big suppliers, such as Shell or Eni for example, also offer 100 RON petrol, called V-Power and blu super+ respectively.
# Diesel. In Italy it is also called Gasolio.
# LPG. It is called GPL in Italy. A [https://www.mylpg.eu/stations/italy/list/ list of stations that offer LPG] can be seen by visiting the previous link.
# CNG in Italy is found as Metano. A [http://cngeurope.com/countries/italy/ list of stations that offer CNG] can be found by clicking the previous link.

=== Fuel prices ===

Indicatively some sources of locations of fuel stations and real time prices of fuel in Italy are listed here:

# [https://www.prezzibenzina.it/ Prezzi Benzina] also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.vernazza.androidfuel Android], [https://itunes.apple.com/it/app/prezzi-benzina/id373044013?mt=8 iOS], [http://www.windowsphone.com/it-it/store/app/prezzi-benzina/39ee7d18-c704-4ee7-9e6d-ab3dec5721d3 Windows Phone] and [http://appworld.blackberry.com/webstore/content/22549942/?lang=it&countrycode=IT BlackBerry].
# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insadco.billigtankenlite Cheap Refuel] for Android.

=== Electric vehicle chargers ===

You can find electric car and PHEVs chargers in Italy at [https://www.lemnet.org/en lemnet.org], also available for [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.incowia.lemnet&hl=en Andorid] and [https://apps.apple.com/de/app/lemnet/id820365520?ign-mpt=uo%3D4 iOS]

== Road user charges ==

=== Tolls ===

Motorways in Italy have a toll system with toll plazas. The widely available scheme adopts distance based charges. Typically, in most of the cases when you join the motorway you get an entry ticket (Italian: biglietto), that proves your point of entry, which is used at the last toll plaza of the motorway or at exits in order for the rate of the journey to be calculated. If you don't provide the ticket when paying the tolls, the calculation will be done assuming that you joined the motorway since its beginning.
There are cases like the Mont Blanc Tunnel (Traforo del Monte Bianco) or the Salbertrand toll plaza at Autostrada A32 where there is no distance based charges, so there is no entry ticket issued.

Different payment methods are available in different lanes, distinguished by the signs above the toll booths:
# Payment with cash, debit or credit card to the toll booth operator or via the automatic toll machine. In order to get a receipt you have to press the Receipt button (Italian: Ricevuta). You have to introduce the ticket first for the price to get calculated. These lanes have a white sign over them depicting banknotes and coins and a blue sign for cards. If the blue sign is absent then payment by cards is not available.
# Payment with debit / credit cards and with [https://mststolls.com/products/viacard/ VIAcard], a prepaid card, is available at lanes with a blue cards sign over them and marked with blue road surface markings. The introduction of the ticket is again the first step of the procedure. For printing a receipt the button Receipt (Italian: Ricevuta) should be pressed after inserting your card.
# Payment with the installation of the electronic transponder [https://www.telepass.com/en/private-owners/services/mobility-services/motorway TELEPASS]. '''The transponder can also be used in France, Spain and Portugal. Vice versa the French [https://www.bipandgo.com/en/le-telepeage-europe/ Liber-t] transponder and the Spanish VIA-T (by any of the following providers: [https://www.viat.es/contratar-via-t VIA-T], [https://www.pagatelia.com/en/plans VIA-T Pagatelia] or [https://www.bipdrive.com/en/comparison/ VIA-T Bip&Drive]) can be used for paying the Italian tolls, so if you previously have purchased and installed one of the aforementioned devices there is no need to buy the TELEPASS transponder.''' In order to use this method after installing the device and connecting it with a bank account you have to enter the motorway using the dedicated lanes marked with yellow road surface markings as well as with a yellow or white sign over them with the word TELEPASS written on it. If there is no TELEPASS entry lane when joining the motorway, then you should not use a TELEPASS lane for exiting the motorway, but instead you have to take the ticket and use either a lane marked with the sign "CARTE" or the lanes with the white sign with banknotes and coins on it and ask the service personnel for assistance. Regardless which of the two types of exit lanes you are going to use the amount due is charged to the Telepass system. In case you have used a TELEPASS lane when joining the notorway, but there is no TELEPASS lanes at your exit, then you should use the other lanes and again ask the personnel for assistance. TELEPASS has an app available for bot [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=it.telepass.telepassgo Android] and [https://apps.apple.com/it/app/go-by-telepass/id1469185408?ls=1 iOS].

Calculation of toll fees is offered on [https://www.autostrade.it/autostrade_en-gis/gis.do autostrade per l'Italia] website, by filling the departure and arrival points in the respective fields.

==== Unpaid tolls ====

When a toll is unpaid, either wholly or in part, a printout confirming non-payment will be issued in both manned and automatic lanes.
Each printout (statement of unpaid toll) contains vehicle data (class and license plate number), journey data (date, time, exit toll gate and, where available, the entry toll gate) and the amount to be paid.

For unpaid tolls on roads managed by the following companies:

* [http://www.autostrade.it/en/home Autostrade per l'Italia]
* [http://www.tangenzialedinapoli.it/en/home Tangenziale di Napoli]
* [http://www.autostrademeridionali.it/en/home Società Autostrade Meridionali]
* [https://www.ravspa.it/ Raccordo Autostradale Valle d'Aosta] and
* [https://www.tirrenica.it/ Società Autostrada Tirrenica]

an [http://www.autostrade.it/en/rmpp/ online platform for their payment] is available.

== Urban Access Regulations ==

There are around 200 schemes that are enforced with cameras, plus 100 low emission zones, called Zone a traffico limitato (ZTL) in Italy. The intention is to reduce traffic in historic city centers as well as the lowering of emissions and as a result pollution.

Before visiting any cities you should check with [https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/italy-mainmenu-81 urbanaccessregulations.eu] which zones are in effect there and pay any fees before accessing them in order to avoid any fines.

== References ==

[[Category:Countries with right hand traffic]]
[[Category:European Union countries]]
[[Category:European Economic Area countries]]